Ultralow-temperature cooling medium internal spraying type mechanical main shaft

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultralow-temperature cooling medium internal spraying type mechanical main shaft. The ultralow-temperature cooling medium internal spraying type mechanical main shaft comprises a static vacuum core shaft, a rotating main shaft body, a static main shaft shell, an inner-layer slewing bearing, an outer-layer slewing bearing and a double-layer sealing structure; an inner ring of the inner-layer slewing bearing is matched with the vacuum core shaft, an outer ring of the inner-layer slewing bearing is matched with the main shaft body, and the inner-layer slewing bearing plays a role in assisting in supporting and positioning the core shaft; an inner ring of the outer-layer slewing bearing is matched with the main shaft body, and an outer ring of the outer-layer slewing bearing is matched with the main shaft shell; the vacuum core shaft provides a transmission channel for an ultralow-temperature cooling medium, and the vacuum structure of the vacuum core shaft has a good heat insulation effect and limits low-temperature transmission in the main shaft; the vacuum core shaft eliminates the adverse effect of vaporization of the ultralow-temperature medium caused by wall surface friction heat caused by rotation of the transmission channel; and the sealing structure with heat insulation capacity is mounted in the main shaft head and forms radial rotary sealing with the outer circumferential surface of the vacuum core shaft, ultralow-temperature media are prevented from leaking and flowing back into the main shaft, the low-temperature influence of leakage flow on the front end of the main shaft is restrained, and the transmission stability of the ultralow-temperature media is guaranteed.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of CNC machine tool spindle design, and in particular relates to an ultra-low temperature cooling medium internal spray type mechanical spindle. Background technique [0002] In the field of aerospace, parts made of difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium alloys and nickel-based alloys often affect their processing quality and efficiency due to excessive cutting temperatures. The ultra-low temperature machining method using ultra-low temperature medium such as liquid nitrogen as the coolant is effective in reducing the cutting temperature, improving the integrity of the machined surface, and inhibiting tool wear. Among them, the internal spray cooling method that guides the cooling medium to the tool tip through the spindle, tool handle, and tool inner cavity channel has the advantages of precise cooling, high efficiency, and highly integrated devices. [0003] Therefore, the ultra-low temperature m...

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Problems solved by technology

In 2014, Dalian University of Technology disclosed in the invention patent 201410182721.9 the "Liquid Nitrogen Internal Spray Type CNC Drilling and Milling Machine Spindle Device". Most of the low-temperature transmission is avoided, but the pull stud assembly at the front end of the spindle does not take heat insulation measures, and the problem of rapid frosting and deformation of the spindle will still occur

In 2017, Guangdong University of Technology disclosed in the invention patent 201711154863.4 "an ultra-high-speed electric spindle with a built-in cooling device". , but the cold air does not pass through the inside of the tool, but is sprayed from the end face of the spindle around the tool holder, and the "point-to-point" precise cooling of the cutting area cannot be implemented, and the temperature of the cold air medium is not as low as that of liquid nitrogen, and its heat insulation and sealing are relatively difficult. smaller

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