Pattern reconfigurable phase bit antenna and two-dimensional beam scanning array thereof

[0037] Example 1

[0038] as Figure 1- Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a pattern of reconfigurable phase bit antenna, comprising a miniaturized electromagnetic hypersurface 1, a metal chip unit 2, a dielectric resonator 3, a phase 1 bit coupled feed gap 4, a reflector radiation gap 5, a phase bit switch circuit 6, a reconfigurable reflector gap switch circuit 7, a feed microstrip line 8, a switch DC bias circuit 9, a metal floor 10, a metal reflector 11 and a nylon screw 12;

[0039] The miniaturized electromagnetic supersurface 1 consists of a metal chip unit 2 and a dielectric resonator 3, wherein the metal chip unit 2 on the miniaturized electromagnetic supersurface 1, is a small periodic metal patch, attached to the upper surface of the dielectric resonator 3, the dielectric resonator 3 is a high dielectric constant low loss dielectric material, the dielectric resonator 3 is fixed to the metal floor 10 through the nylon screw 12, the phase 1 bit coupled feed gap 4 etched in the middle of the metal floor 10, Parallel symmetrical distribution, the phase 1 bit coupling feed gap 4 comprises two parallel symmetrical distribution of I-shaped coupling feed gap, the reflector radiation gap 5 etched on the metal floor 10, a parallel symmetrical distribution, and near the miniaturized electromagnetic hypersurface 1 before and after the two directions towards the outside (two short side directions), the reflector radiation gap 5 comprises two parallel symmetrical distribution of U-shaped radiation gap, the phase bit switch circuit 6 is printed on the back side of the metal floor 10, And located in the middle of the phase 1-bit coupling feed gap 4, the phase bit switch circuit 6 is a switch circuit having a single pole double throw function, consisting of a single pole double throw switch (RF switch chip or PIN diode combination) and a microstrip line, is a component of the feed microstrip line 8, the reconstructable reflector gap switch circuit 7 is printed on the back of the metal floor 10, and is located on both sides of the reflector radiation gap 5, The reconfigurable reflector gap switch circuit 7 is a switching circuit having a single pole single throw function, consisting of a single pole single throw switch (PIN diode or RF switch chip) and a microstrip line, the feed microstrip line 8 is a 50ohm microstrip line, printed on the back of the metal floor 10, the switch DC bias circuit 9 is printed on the back of the metal floor 10, and is connected with the phase bit switch circuit 6 and the reconfigurable reflector gap switch circuit 7, The switch DC bias circuit 9 is a dc bias circuit of the phase shift switch and reflector switch, the metal floor 10 is a double-sided copper medium substrate, mounted at the bottom of the miniaturized electromagnetic supersurface 1, the metal reflector 1 is a thin layer metal plate, 1 is located under the metal floor 10, and is fixed by the nylon screw 12 and the metal floor 10 support, the front and back of the metal reflector board 11 is shorted by the metal bending portion 10, The nylon screw 12 is a standard nylon screw, located around the miniaturized electromagnetic hypersurface 1 and the metal floor 10.

[0040] In the present embodiment, such as Figure 1 and 2 as shown, Figure 2 middle Figure 2 (a) is a top view, Figure 2 (b) for the side view, Figure 2

[0041] In the present embodiment, the miniaturized broadband electromagnetic hypersurface proposed in the present invention can be reconstructed phase 1 bit structure, based on this pattern can be reconstructed phase 1 bit antenna to achieve miniaturization, wide bandwidth, direction map reconfigurable and flexible phase 1 bit switching, antenna performance such as Figure 3 and 4 as shown. Figure 3 For the direction chart, the bandwidth performance of the phase 1-bit antenna can be reconstructed, and the -10dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 3.30-3.80GHz, covering the new 5G frequency band to meet the working frequency band requirements of 4G/5G communication systems and Internet of Things systems. Figure 4 For the direction map can reconstruct the radiation pattern performance of the phase 1-bit antenna, where, Figure 4 (a) for state 1, Figure 4 (a) When the single-pole single-throw switch at the current U-shaped radiation gap is disconnected, and the single-pole single-throw opening and closing at the backward U-shaped radiation gap is closed, the radiation pattern of the antenna is deflected backwards; Figure 4 (b) is state 2, Figure 4 (b) When the single-pole single-throw switch at the two U-shaped radiation gaps in the current and backward directions is closed, the radiation direction of the antenna is not deflected, that is, in the form of a side-firing direction map; Figure 4 (c) for status 3, Figure 4 (c) When the single-pole single-throw switch at the current U-shaped radiation gap is closed and closed, and the single-pole single-throw switch at the backward U-shaped radiation gap is disconnected, the radiation direction map of the antenna is deflected forward, and the three different radiation pattern states can be switched to realize the reconstruction of the direction map. By controlling two single-pole, single-throw switches at the radiation gap between the two reflectors, the reconfigurability of three beams, i.e. multi-beam switching scanning, can be achieved in the E plane of the antenna. Embodiment 1 of the present invention, to achieve miniaturization, wide bandwidth and pattern reconfigurable phase 1 bit switching, can be adapted to various types of digital multibeam bit arrays.

[0042] The present invention proposes a new type of electromagnetic hypersurface pattern can be reconstructed phase 1 bit radiation structure, for the first time the direction map can be reconstructed technology and digital phase bit antenna combination, to achieve different radiation modes of phase 1 bit switching, can be suitable for different multi-beam array applications. In the antenna design of the present invention, a new type of miniaturized broadband pattern based on electromagnetic hypersurface can be reconstructed antenna, using a U-shaped reconfigurable reflector radiation gap loaded by a dielectric resonator, to achieve a pattern reconfigurable at a compact size (miniaturized pattern reconfigurable design), the design can also be migrated to a wide-angle scanning array and multi-beam reconfigurable array design.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] as Figure 5 andFigure 6 As shown, the present invention provides a two-dimensional beam scanning array based on a one-dimensional linear array, comprising a pattern of reconfigurable phase 1 bit antenna and several antenna arrays 13; the several antenna arrays 13 by the direction chart can be reconstructed phase 1 bit antenna as a array of elements, each of the antenna arrays 13 is arranged in a linear isometric space.

[0045] In the present embodiment, four antenna arrays (C1-C4) are illustrated as an example.

[0046] In the present embodiment, the present invention provides a digital multi-beam array based on a one-dimensional linear array two-dimensional scanning comprising a miniaturized electromagnetic supersurface 1, a metal chip unit 2, a dielectric resonator 3, a phase 1-bit coupled feeder gap 4, a reflector radiation gap 5, a phase bit switch circuit 6, a reconfigurable reflector gap switch circuit 7, a feed microstrip line 8, a switch DC bias circuit 9, a metal floor 10, a metal reflector 11, a nylon screw 12, and four antenna array elements (C1-C4) on the array (C1-C4) 13.

[0047] The miniaturized electromagnetic supersurface 1 consists of a metal chip unit 2 and a dielectric resonator 3, wherein the metal chip unit 2 on the miniaturized electromagnetic supersurface 1, is a small periodic metal patch, attached to the upper surface of the dielectric resonator 3, the dielectric resonator 3 is a high dielectric constant low loss dielectric material, the dielectric resonator 3 is fixed to the metal floor 10 through the nylon screw 12, the phase 1 bit coupled feed gap 4 etched in the middle of the metal floor 10, Parallel symmetrical distribution, the phase 1 bit coupling feed gap 4 comprises two parallel symmetrical distribution of I-shaped coupling feed gap, the reflector radiation gap 5 etched on the metal floor 10, a parallel symmetrical distribution, and near the miniaturized electromagnetic hypersurface 1 before and after the two directions towards the outside (two short side directions), the reflector radiation gap 5 comprises two parallel symmetrical distribution of U-shaped radiation gap, the phase bit switch circuit 6 is printed on the back side of the metal floor 10, And located in the middle of the phase 1-bit coupling feed gap 4, the phase bit switch circuit 6 is a switch circuit having a single pole double throw function, consisting of a single pole double throw switch (RF switch chip or PIN diode combination) and a microstrip line, is a component of the feed microstrip line 8, the reconstructable reflector gap switch circuit 7 is printed on the back of the metal floor 10, and is located on both sides of the reflector radiation gap 5, The reconfigurable reflector gap switch circuit 7 is a switching circuit having a single pole single throw function, consisting of a single pole single throw switch (PIN diode or RF switch chip) and a microstrip line, the feed microstrip line 8 is a 50ohm microstrip line, printed on the back of the metal floor 10, the switch DC bias circuit 9 is printed on the back of the metal floor 10, and is connected with the phase bit switch circuit 6 and the reconfigurable reflector gap switch circuit 7, The switch DC bias circuit 9 is a dc bias circuit of the phase shift switch and reflector switch, the metal floor 10 is a double-sided copper medium substrate, mounted at the bottom of the miniaturized electromagnetic supersurface 1, the metal reflector 1 is a thin layer metal plate, 1 is located under the metal floor 10, and is fixed by the nylon screw 12 and the metal floor 10 support, the front and back of the metal reflector board 11 is shorted by the metal bending portion 10, The nylon screw 12 is a standard nylon screw, located around the miniaturized electromagnetic hypersurface 1 and the metal floor 10. Antenna array element 13 on the array is four antennas based on the direction map of electromagnetic hypersurface that can reconstruct phase 1 bit, the four array elements are arranged in a straight line (one-dimensional line array), and the antenna array 13 arrangement is distributed according to the array synthesis

[0048]

[0049] In the present embodiment, such as Figure 5 and 6 as shown, Figure 6 middle Figure 6 (a) is a top view, Figure 6 (b) for the side view, Figure 6 (c) is the front view. In a two-dimensional scanning digital multi-beam array embodiment based on a one-dimensional linear array, based on Example 1, the direction map based on the electromagnetic hypersurface can be reconstructed phase 1 bit antenna as the array element, the plurality of 1 bit antennas arranged as a linear array (one-dimensional array), the array spacing is set to 0.5λ 0 (λ 0 it is the free space wavelength at the center frequency of the antenna), which is used to achieve two-dimensional multi-beam switching scanning, that is, a two-dimensional plane multi-beam scanning of a one-dimensional array. In the present embodiment, taking into account the requirements of the 5G multi-beam base station for multi-beam scanning, antenna space size and low cost, the present example sets the number of array elements to 4. Compared with traditional phased arrays, this digital multi-beam bit array does not require T/R components or digital beamforming networks, effectively reducing the cost of the array. Compared with the existing digital bit array, the digital multi-beam array, by introducing the pattern reconfigurable technology, for the first time realized a two-dimensional multi-beam scanning array based on a one-dimensional linear array, that is, multi-beam scanning is achieved by the direction map reconfigurable technology on the E-side of the array, and phase-sweeping multi-beam switching is realized in the form of phase bits on the H-side.

[0050] In the present embodiment, Figure 7 and Figure 8 Impedance bandwidth and beam sweep performance for this digital multibeam array. Figure 7 S parameter performance for this embodiment, wherein, Figure 7 (a) for the reflection coefficient of each array of the embodiment, Figure 7 (b) port isolation between the various elements of the embodiment. The -10dB impedance bandwidth of each array covers the new 5G frequency bands such as 3.30-3.80GHz, and the isolation between the ports of each array is lower than -18dB in the entire passband, which has good bandwidth and impedance matching performance, and the high isolation brings good scanning characteristics and radiation efficiency. Figure 8 and Figure 9 Two-dimensional multi-beam switching scanning performance for this embodiment. thereinto Figure 8 For H-side multi-beam bit switching, Figure 9 Reconfigurable scan for E-side multi-beam. Figure 8 For the proposed array H-surface multibeam scanning performance, wherein Figure 8 (a) When the feed phase of the four array elements is set to the inverting state (i.e., the 0000 state), the radiation pattern of the array at this time is the lateral emission form of the maximum gain; Figure 8 (b) when the feed phase of the first and second arrays of the array is set to 0°, and the feed phase of the third and fourth arrays is set to 180° (i.e., the 0011 state), the radiation pattern at this time is the radiation form of the two lobes of the H-side; Figure 8 (c) when the feed phase of the first and fourth arrays of the array is set to 0°, and the feed phase of the second and third arrays is set to 180°, (i.e., the 0110 state), the radiation direction at this time is the beam of the H-plane, and the lobes are further deflected to both sides to oblique coverage; Figure 8 (d) When the feed phase of the first and third arrays of the array is set to 0°, and the feed phase of the second and fourth arrays is set to 180°, (i.e., the 0101 state), the radiation pattern at this time is the beam of the two lobes of the H-side, and the lobes are covered by a greater angle of deflection tilt to the sides. By controlling the feed phase of the four arrays, the array can operate in four states of 0000, 0011, 0110 and 0101, realizing multi-beam phase switching of the H-side. Figure 9 For the proposed array E-surface multibeam scanning performance, Figure 9 middle Figure 9 (a) is status 1 Figure 9 (b) is status 2 Figure 9 (c) is State 3, wherein Figure 9 (a) For each array element of the forward U-shaped reflector radiation gap at the single-pole single-throw opening and closing, backward U-reflector radiation gap when the single-pole single-throw switch is disconnected, the pattern of the array at this time deflects the oblique radiation forward on the E side; Figure 9 (b) The single-pole single-throw switch at the gap between the two U-shaped reflectors in the forward and backward directions of each array element is closed, and the pattern of the array at this time is in the form of a maximum gain lateral shot on the E-plane; Figure 9 (c) When the single-pole single-throw switch at the radiation gap of the forward U-shaped reflector of each array element is disconnected, and the single-pole single-throw switch at the radiation gap of the backward U-shaped reflector is closed and closed, the pattern of the array at this time is deflected backwards on the E side and tilted the radiation. By controlling the single-pole, single-throw switch condition at the radiation gap of the U-shaped reflector of each array, the directional chart of the array can be operated in three different radiation pointing states to achieve multi-beam switching of the E-side. Further, by combining the phase bit control of the array and the reconfigurable control of the radiation pattern of the array, that is, the H-plane phase bit scan and the E-plane reconfigurable scan are superimposed, and the two-dimensional multi-beam scanning of the one-dimensional linear array is realized. Different from the traditional phased array, this example uses 1-bit phase switching of four arrays to achieve multi-beam switching in the form of blindfolding with different deflection angles on the H plane. Different from the existing one-dimensional digital bit array and planar form digital bit array, the embodiment uses an E-plane pattern reconfigurable phase 1-bit antenna as a array element, synchronously controls the reconfigurable switching state of the four arrays, thereby realizing multi-beam scanning of the E-surface of the array, suitable for miniaturized low-cost planar multi-beam base station applications. Embodiment 2 of the present invention, to achieve dimensionality reduction compression miniaturization and low cost (linear array VS area array), wide bandwidth plane two-dimensional multi-beam scanning design, can be suitable for the application of planar multi-beam base station.

[0051] The array antenna of the present invention adopts a geometric pattern based on an electromagnetic hypersurface can be reconstructed phase 1 bit antenna as a array element, for the first time to achieve two-dimensional plane digital multi-beam scanning based on a one-dimensional linear array, to meet the application needs of miniaturized, low-cost and planar multi-beam base stations and intelligent Internet of Things devices. The digital multi-beam bit array proposed in the present invention, without the use of T / R components and digital multi-beamforming network feed, only in the form of a one-dimensional linear array, through the direction chart of the control array can be reconstructed switch and phase bit switch, that is, to achieve low-cost two-dimensional plane multi-beam scanning, to meet the requirements of large-scale deployment of 5G base stations and intelligent Internet of Things systems.

[0052] The present invention proposes the above two embodiments, i.e., the direction map can be reconstructed phase 1 bit antenna and a two-dimensional scanning based on a one-dimensional line array digital multi-beam bit array, which can be based on different application scenarios, the frequency, polarization form, number and antenna material / form changes and the like flexible adjustment, so as to meet the application needs of different wireless communication systems. Array antenna in this embodiment, is only a verification embodiment for a flat two-dimensional multi-beam 5G base station application, comprising but not limited to the number of arrays (greater than or equal to two array elements), array form (linear array, circular array, conformal array, area array and sparse / sparse array) and the direction map can be reconstructed switch and phase bit switch control form (switch type may be PIN diode, radio frequency switch chip and MEMS switch, etc.) scheme adjustment.