59 results about "Directivity diagram" patented technology

The invention discloses an array antenna phase-only real-time beam scanning and side lobe control method based on machine learning. Firstly, array geometry, scanning angles and minor lobe indexes are set; and then, array element excitation phases meeting requirements are rapidly synthesized by using a phase-only fast Fourier FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) algorithm. Constructing a training data set by taking the scanning angle and the minor lobe index as input and the corresponding phase distribution as output; training a neural network by using the data set to obtain a real-time prediction model from initial excitation distribution to accurate excitation distribution; and according to a target expected directional diagram scanning angle and a sidelobe feature, inputting the scanning angle and the sidelobe feature into a neural network to predict and obtain an array element excitation phase so as to realize a real-time phase-only beam and sidelobe control function. Input dimensions are reduced by extracting key features of a directional diagram, data generation is accelerated by means of FFT, real-time performance and precision are both considered, and the method is suitable for fast beam scheduling tasks of various array antennas.

The embodiment of the invention provides an edge detection method and device based on gradient weighted fusion and an adaptive threshold, and is applied to the field of computer vision and digital image processing. The method comprises the steps of firstly preprocessing an input image, then extracting two groups of gradient magnitude diagrams and directional diagrams through an adaptive morphological operator and a traditional difference operator, and constructing a weighted fusion function according to the gradient direction consistency of each pixel point to obtain a fused gradient magnitude diagram; and adaptively determining a high threshold and a low threshold based on an information entropy maximization principle, executing an improved Canny process by combining the fused gradient magnitude diagram and the second gradient directional diagram to obtain an initial edge diagram, and outputting a final edge detection result after dynamic structure element optimization. In this way, the defects that in a traditional edge detection method, gradient information extraction is not precise, threshold selection lacks adaptability, and an edge result is fractured can be overcome, more robust and more accurate image edge detection is achieved, and the reliability of an edge detection algorithm in a complex image scene is improved.

The invention discloses a microphone array layout optimization method based on IGSA, and belongs to the field of sound source localization. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, constructing a topological structure of a microphone array as a rectangular array; then, the directivity and the directional diagram of the microphone array are adopted to express the performance of the microphone array; constructing a fitness function through the width of a main lobe, the level of a side lobe and the number of microphones; then, on the basis of a genetic algorithm, improving crossover and mutation steps, adopting a hierarchical crossover strategy and a similarity regulation and control mutation strategy, and simultaneously optimizing an array structure by a simulated annealing operator in an interspersed manner; and finally, outputting the optimal microphone array arrangement to meet the requirements of low sidelobe performance and high resolution. The IGSA algorithm is adopted to optimize the microphone array layout, so that more accurate global optimization, faster convergence speed and better multi-target balance are realized, and particularly, the number of microphones and the hardware cost are remarkably reduced while the sound source localization performance is ensured.

The invention relates to a microstrip patch antenna based on an antipodal double-helix groove, which comprises the antipodal double-helix groove, a patch, a substrate, a grounding plate and a coaxial probe, and is characterized in that the substrate is mounted on the grounding plate, the patch is mounted on the substrate, the antipodal double-helix groove is formed in the patch, and the coaxial probe sequentially penetrates through the grounding plate, the substrate and the patch; the coaxial probe is used for feeding the patch, and a radio frequency electromagnetic field is generated between the patch and the grounding plate. According to the microstrip patch antenna, the antipodal double-spiral grooves are formed, the path length of current flowing through the patch is increased, the resonant frequency of the antenna is reduced to a large extent, meanwhile, the good radiation characteristic is kept, the antenna radiation efficiency is high, the directional diagram is regular, and the electrical size of the microstrip patch antenna is reduced while the high radiation efficiency is kept.

The utility model provides a waveguide antenna structure with a frequency selective surface structure and a waveguide radar, and the structure comprises a waveguide antenna which is provided with a waveguide slot array and a frequency selective surface structure; the waveguide slot array is arranged on the waveguide antenna in a penetrating manner, and the frequency selective surface structures are distributed on the peripheral side of the waveguide antenna; the frequency selective surface structure comprises surface structure units, and the frequency selective surface structure is formed by arranging a plurality of surface structure units. According to the utility model, the frequency selective surface structure absorbs reflection between the top surface of the antenna and the antenna housing and reduces distortion of a directional diagram; surface waves can be reduced, space coupling between the antennas is reduced, and the isolation between the antennas is improved; the beam directivity can be adjusted, and beam performance specific directivity can be shaped.

The application discloses a kind of consistency construction and multi-dimensional parameter joint setting method and system of space field of course beacon, it is related to aviation technology field, comprising: constructing the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation model of course beacon antenna array, the radiation directivity diagram of antenna array and channel field type characteristics are analyzed;Antenna array is installed and checked and precision is reviewed;Determine that the radio frequency performance of full transmission link meets the requirements;According to correct transmission link, adopt the method of phase matching to carry out channel antenna pair phase matching and clearance antenna pair phase matching in turn, so that the phase of the radiation signal of each antenna pair is the same, and the spatial consistency of antenna pair is constructed;Near-field-far-field signal joint test setting is carried out, near-field test data and far-field test data are obtained, channel line, displacement sensitivity and clearance signal are evaluated, combined with simulation model and actual environment, complete multi-dimensional parameter joint setting.The method significantly improves the consistency and excellence of the final combined field pattern of the space field of the course beacon, and reduces the trial-and-error cost and rework times of flight verification.

The invention discloses a lens antenna system with a flexibly reconfigurable wave beam, and the system comprises a lens antenna which comprises a target lens and a multi-path receiving and transmitting array arranged on the surface of the target lens; one side of the signal conversion module is connected with the multi-path transceiving array; one side of the digital domain coding module is connected with the other side of the signal conversion module; the target lens is used for adjusting wavefront phases of received and transmitted electromagnetic waves and focusing or parallelizing the received and transmitted electromagnetic waves; the multi-path receiving and transmitting array is used for forming receiving and transmitting directional diagrams in multiple directions through the target lens; the signal conversion module is used for converting signals between the multi-path transceiving array and the digital domain coding module; and the digital domain coding module is used for carrying out digital domain coding processing on the digital domain transmit-receive signal. According to the lens antenna system, the beam forming performance can be improved, meanwhile, flexible reconstruction of the beam is achieved, the anti-interference capacity of the lens antenna system can be improved, and the application scene of the lens antenna system can be expanded.

The invention discloses an antenna assembly, and relates to the technical field of Internet of Things. The antenna assembly comprises an antenna and a reflecting plate, the reflecting plate is provided with a reflecting surface, the antenna and the reflecting plate are arranged at an interval, the antenna and the reflecting surface are oppositely arranged, and the reflecting surface is used for adjusting an antenna pattern of the antenna. According to the embodiment of the invention, the antenna pattern is adjusted by arranging the reflecting plate with the reflecting surface, an antenna does not need to be customized for each scene, the cost is saved, and the implementation difficulty is low.

The invention discloses a miniaturized double-slot Vivaldi sum-difference beam antenna for target positioning and tracking. The miniaturized double-slot Vivaldi sum-difference beam antenna comprises a double-slot radiation patch, a dielectric substrate and two sum-difference microstrip feed structures, when the phases of the incident signals of the two ports are consistent, a difference beam is generated; and when the difference is 180 degrees, a sum beam is generated. Furthermore, in order to reduce the mutual coupling effect between the two ports, a trapezoidal structure (flow repression groove) is dug out at the most front end of the radiation patch, and a small quadrangular prism is dug out at the corresponding position of the dielectric substrate. Furthermore, the front end part of the dielectric substrate is extended downwards by 0.8 mm and is equivalent to a director, so that the antenna gain is improved. The size of the final antenna is 61 * 48.6 * 1.6 (mm < 3 >), the working bandwidth of the wave beam is 2.85-21GHz, the gain in the frequency band of 6-21GHz is greater than 8dBi, and a directional diagram has high symmetry. The difference beam working bandwidth is 4.35-20.85 GHz, the sidelobe level is low, the anti-interference capability is high, and the directional diagram has high symmetry. The method has great application value in the field of target tracking and positioning.

The present application relates to the technical field of millimeter wave radar signal processing, in particular to a millimeter wave radar pitch angle ambiguity discrimination method based on directional diagram features and machine learning, and the specific steps are as follows: S1, channel response directional diagram data collection; S2, training data generation; S3, data enhancement processing; S4, feature data preprocessing; S5, model training and optimization; S6, model verification and evaluation; S7, ambiguity discrimination and confidence output; In the complex environment and multi-target scene, unlike the traditional method, the shortcomings of the prior art are overcome, the directional diagram features are introduced, the radar hardware channel characteristics are fully utilized, the channel response directional diagram features and the machine learning model are combined, the performance of the pitch angle ambiguity discrimination is improved, the feature extraction and model inference calculation amount are small, and the real-time processing requirements of the radar are met.

The application discloses a sum and difference beam optimization method of a cover array antenna, and comprises the following steps: creating an array antenna model and a cover array antenna model; performing quadrilateral mesh division on the models respectively; based on the corresponding quadrilateral mesh division of the models, performing simulation calculation by using a high-order moment method, and extracting corresponding active unit directional diagrams; applying excitation to the antenna units in the models, combining the active unit directional diagrams, calculating the sum and difference beams of the models under different scanning angles, and comparing corresponding performance indexes; and using an improved hybrid differential evolution algorithm to optimize the sum and difference beams of the cover array antenna model which does not meet the index requirements; wherein the improved hybrid differential evolution algorithm performs global and local iterative searches, and adaptively calculates a mutation factor and a crossover factor in the global and local iterative search processes. The application realizes the optimization design of the sum and difference beams of the cover array antenna, and is more in line with engineering application requirements.

The invention relates to an antenna array synthesis directional diagram estimation method based on a multi-unit antenna actual measurement directional diagram and application, and the method comprises the following steps: in a standard test environment, measuring an azimuth plane or pitching plane directional diagram of each antenna unit, recording angle gain or power data, and obtaining actual measurement data; establishing a coordinate system, determining antenna reference positions and inter-unit parameters, dividing every two antennas into one group, and scoring groups and parameters; according to the directivity multiplication principle, a double-antenna composite graph computational logic (estimation formula) is established, and data simulation is substituted to obtain a composite graph; and taking the composite diagram as a quasi-unit diagram, and repeating the operation to complete the estimation of the composite directional diagram of the multi-unit antenna array. According to the method, the defects of complex modeling, large calculation amount and poor adaptability of a traditional theory multi-unit antenna array can be avoided, the blank in the prior art is filled, the estimation efficiency and precision can be effectively improved, the requirement for rapid and accurate analysis of the performance of a multi-antenna system in engineering is met, and reliable support is provided for design optimization of the antenna array.

The invention particularly relates to a sparse array DOA (direction of arrival) estimation method based on an optimized array manifold dictionary, and the method comprises the steps: firstly carrying out the layout optimization of an initial uniform area array through combining a genetic algorithm, constructing an eight-element sparse array structure, and maintaining a directional diagram which is close to a full array while greatly reducing the number of array elements; performing energy screening on multichannel observation signals acquired by the sparse array, and extracting a dominant frequency band to improve an effective signal-to-noise ratio; and an optimized array manifold dictionary is constructed based on a phase compensation mechanism and an amplitude weighting mechanism, and the internal correlation of the dictionary is reduced by minimizing off-diagonal elements of a dictionary Gramer matrix. And on the basis, sparse reconstruction is carried out on the optimized dictionary by using an orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm, so that a direction-of-arrival estimation result of the sound source signal is obtained. According to the scheme, inherent direction finding fuzziness and grating lobes of the sparse array are effectively suppressed, the direction estimation precision is improved, and high reliability and high robustness are still kept under the condition that the number of array elements is remarkably reduced.

The application relates to an antenna layout method and system for ground penetrating radar receiving end beam forming, and relates to the field of ground penetrating radar detection. The method solves the problem that, in a conventional ground penetrating radar, a multi-channel scheme is adopted, the number of transmitting and receiving antennas is increased to improve the lateral detection range, and due to time lag of channel data and beam forming difficulty, the potential of the array antenna cannot be fully utilized. The method comprises the following steps: determining the form of a ground penetrating radar antenna array according to the requirement of beam forming; constructing an equivalent directional diagram of the antenna array layout according to the form of the radar antenna array; suppressing the grating lobe phenomenon in the equivalent directional diagram of the antenna array layout; suppressing the coupling effect in the equivalent directional diagram of the antenna array layout; and suppressing the direct wave from the transmitting antenna to the receiving antenna according to the polarization direction of the antenna in the suppressed equivalent directional diagram, so as to complete the antenna layout. The application is applied to the field of underground nondestructive imaging.

The invention relates to a radar metal ball calibration method and device, computer equipment and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the directional diagram data of a radar transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna, carrying out the normalization processing of the directional diagram data, and obtaining the normalized data; on the basis of the normalized data of the corresponding angles, discrete grids are constructed, and solid angle infinitesimal elements of all grids in the discrete grids are calculated; performing discrete integral operation on the normalized data of the corresponding angle based on the solid angle infinitesimal to obtain integral data of the corresponding angle; obtaining an input parameter of radar calibration, and calculating a theoretical reflectivity factor of the receiving antenna at each angle based on the input parameter and the integral data; and calculating a corresponding radar calibration parameter based on the theoretical reflectivity factor of each angle, and transmitting the radar calibration parameter to a signal processor to complete system calibration. According to the method, the calibration precision of the radar system in the wide-transmitting narrow-receiving mode can be improved.

The application relates to the technical field of antenna channel calibration, in particular to a plate array antenna multi-channel directional diagram resolution global calibration method and system, and the application proposes the following scheme: firstly, local calibration is carried out, a local target function is constructed by extracting directional diagram characteristics of each channel, and initial compensation parameters are obtained through an optimization method; if a global optimization stage condition is met, a particle swarm algorithm is introduced, a recognition subspace is established based on resolution in a dual-role particle structure, and a pattern avoidance drive is applied to a controlled collaborative particle, so that global optimization calibration of the directional diagram is realized. The application improves the resolution and spatial structure regulation and control capability of the directional diagram.

The application belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and discloses a 1Bit reflection array phase optimization method, which comprises the following steps: step 1: initializing a population, i.e. a parent; step 2: combining a fast Fourier transform to calculate a target value of the parent; step 3: calculating the fitness and selection probability of an individual according to the target value; step 4: selecting, crossing and mutating the population individual to generate a new phase distribution, i.e. a child; step 5: repeating step 2 to calculate a target value of the child; step 6: selecting a new target value according to the target values of the child and the parent, and repeating steps 2 to 6 until an optimal solution is optimized; and step 7: verifying the correctness of the optimization result of the algorithm and the correctness of the optimization of the optimized directivity pattern. The application adopts a simplified directivity pattern calculation formula and combines a fast Fourier transform to speed up the calculation of the directivity pattern target value under different phase distributions, reduce the optimized gene sequence of the algorithm, and improve the optimization speed and convergence speed of the algorithm.

The invention provides terminal equipment. The terminal equipment comprises an antenna unit, a metal floor and at least one choke structure, the antenna unit comprises a radiator, and the radiator resonates in a target frequency band under excitation of a feed signal; the radiator is arranged adjacent to the first edge, and when the first feed source provides a first feed source signal to excite the radiator to resonate in a target frequency band, the metal floor is coupled with the radiator to be excited to generate current; the at least one choking structure comprises a choking structure which is connected with the first edge and meets a first position relation with the radiation body projection of the radiation body on the first edge; and / or a choke structure which is connected with at least one of the second edge and the third edge and satisfies a second position relationship with the projection of the radiator, the at least one choke structure resonates in a target frequency band and is used for enabling the length of current on the edge where the at least one choke structure in the metal floor is located to be within a preset range; therefore, the directivity or beam width of a directional diagram of the antenna unit can be selectively improved.

The application relates to the technical field of antenna array directional diagram, and relates to a grating lobe suppression method based on a reconfigurable lens unit directional diagram. best，G The optimal decision variable X of each lens unit is calculated based on a differential evolution algorithm according to lens array parameters to suppress grating lobes. The reconfigurable lens antenna array grating lobe suppression technology based on the differential evolution algorithm breaks the periodicity of the array layout equivalently by using the reconfigurable directional diagram of the lens antenna, so that the effect of suppressing grating lobes is achieved, and the generation of grating lobes is reduced in a large-angle scanning range of the large-interval lens array.

The invention discloses a four-direction pattern reconfigurable antenna. The antenna is of a rotational symmetric structure composed of a single-layer dielectric substrate and a double-layer four-direction radiation structure. The antenna takes an electric dipole structure as a basic radiation structure, directional radiation of the antenna is realized by introducing a reflection structure, radiation gain of the antenna is improved by introducing a guide structure, impedance matching of the antenna is improved and bandwidth of the antenna is broadened by adding a U-shaped groove structure in the electric dipole radiation structure, and in order to realize reconfiguration of a directional diagram of the antenna, the antenna is provided with a U-shaped groove structure. An antenna structure is rotated, four pairs of PIN diodes and corresponding control circuits are added in parallel double lines of a feed structure, and the radiation direction of the antenna is controlled by controlling the opening and closing states of the PIN diode pairs. Due to introduction of the reflection structure and the guide structure, the directional radiation capability and the antenna gain of the antenna are improved, the communication distance is increased, and the working bandwidth of the antenna can be widened; the design of the direct-current feed structure enables the radiation direction of the antenna to be controlled more flexibly.

According to the radar digital array directional diagram optimization method based on the genetic algorithm, the radar digital array directional diagram optimization is achieved through the genetic algorithm, complex mathematical derivation is not needed, the method is suitable for a nonlinear scene which is difficult to process through an analysis method, implementation is easy, the solving speed is high, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. An optimization scheme meeting engineering requirements can be quickly given; by accurately constructing a cost function and combining flexible setting of a weight constraint condition, the method can adapt to various optimization targets, realizes different types of directional diagram optimization of amplitude synthesis, phase synthesis, complex synthesis and the like, and is high in adaptability; the genetic algorithm guarantees population diversity and global search ability through selection, crossover and mutation operation, and compared with a particle swarm optimization algorithm, lower cost function values can be obtained in part of scenes, and the optimization effect is better; meanwhile, through the arrangement of the main lobe separation mark, the minor lobe adjustment process is simplified, and the engineering practicability is improved.

The invention relates to a waveform design method and device for a broadband MIMO radar space-frequency transmitting directional diagram. According to the method, a waveform design framework for carrying out precise shaping on a broadband MIMO radar transmitting directional diagram is provided, so that the broadband MIMO radar can adapt to various working scenes, and the method specifically comprises the steps of establishing a signal model; deriving synthesis energy of a single discrete space frequency point based on DFT; establishing a dynamic model constraint; establishing a maximum-minimum multi-objective optimization model; smoothing and approximating the target function; and carrying out effective solution by adopting a KKT condition. According to the method, the maximum fitting error between the synthetic emission beam directional diagram and the expected directional diagram is minimized, so that the radiation directions of the spatial domain and the frequency domain in diversified working scenes are accurately controlled; and the amplitude fluctuation of the time domain waveform of each antenna unit is regulated and controlled by introducing dynamic module value constraint so as to meet different hardware and working environment requirements.

A high-efficiency phased array multi-beam test method for improving the precision of a sidelobe area comprises the following steps: step 1, for a to-be-tested antenna array, obtaining an array directional diagram; 2, testing the array directional diagram to obtain the array directional diagram; 3, calculating electric field distribution data of the nth array element; 4, electric field data of the array unit to be tested on the test radius r is decomposed into a linear combination of spherical harmonic waves with unknown coefficients, and a linear equation of a spherical wave expansion formula is obtained; 5, processing by adopting an eccentric sampling algorithm to generate a least square problem; 6, solving a least square problem by using a sparse optimization method; 7, reconstructing K spherical wave expansion coefficients in the linear equation; 8, reconstructing a far-field pattern of the antenna unit; step 9, acquiring a unit pattern of which the phase center is located at the geometric center of the array; and 10, calculating an array directional diagram. The method has the advantages of being short in measurement time and high in array directional diagram minor lobe precision.

The application discloses a negative phase gradient metasurface structure, which comprises a feeding structure and a negative phase gradient metasurface unit structure, wherein the negative phase gradient metasurface unit structure is embedded on the top of the feeding structure. According to the principle of the Babinet, the negative phase gradient metasurface unit structure is complementary to the conventional phase gradient metasurface unit structure, the originally non-metallic part is filled with metal, and the principle of slot radiation is introduced into the phase gradient metasurface, so that the radiated electromagnetic wave can be regulated. The negative phase gradient metasurface unit structure is composed of units with different sizes. The results show that the negative phase gradient metasurface has similar characteristics to the conventional phase gradient metasurface, that is, the directional diagram has a scanning characteristic with the change of the frequency within the impedance bandwidth range, and the directivity of the slot unit radiation can be improved if the array is reasonably composed.

The application discloses a kind of digital multi-beam forming directivity diagram radio frequency wired testing device, the application first builds directivity diagram radio frequency wired test environment, equipment to be measured mainly includes: digital array component, beam forming unit and beam control unit, auxiliary test equipment mainly includes: signal source, spectrum analyzer, power divider, radio frequency cable, digital-to-analog conversion equipment etc., with equal length and in-phase radio frequency cable is connected to the channel in digital array component and the arrangement direction of the azimuth angle to be scanned is consistent, fix two typical azimuths perpendicular to each other, respectively to scan elevation direction, obtain two-dimensional cross-section directivity diagram by spectrum analyzer.The application proposes a kind of method for directivity diagram test under laboratory desktop environment under the background of digital multi-beam verification demand, solves the directivity diagram convenient verification problem of multi-beam system, and can be applied to phased array antenna field.

To achieve a desired directivity pattern by suppressing generation of an unnecessary grating lobe even in the case of a sub-array antenna configuration.SOLUTION: In the radar device, a first interval between two adjacent transmission antennas among the plurality of transmission antennas is one wavelength or more in the first direction, an interval between two adjacent reception antennas among the plurality of reception antennas is one wavelength or more in the first direction and is narrower than the first interval between the transmission antennas, and a second interval between two adjacent transmission antennas among the plurality of transmission antennas is 0.5 wavelength or more and 0.75 wavelength or less in the second direction. An absolute value of a difference between the first interval between the two adjacent transmission antennas and the interval between the two adjacent reception antennas includes an interval of 0.5 wavelength or more and 0.75 wavelength or less in the first direction, a size of each of the plurality of transmission antennas in the short-side direction is 0.5 wavelength or less, and a size of each of the plurality of reception antennas in the short-side direction is 0.5 wavelength or less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 10

The application provides a manufacturing method of a transparent antenna unit, a transparent antenna module and an antenna arrangement method of a vehicle. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps: forming a radiation sheet on a transparent flexible substrate, the radiation sheet is a conductive grid structure, and comprises a first radiator and a second radiator which are oppositely arranged in the same layer to form a gap; forming a first directional structure and a second directional structure on the first radiator, the first directional structure is used for narrowing the beam width of the elevation angle at least, and the second directional structure is used for increasing the beam width of the horizontal direction at least; forming an antenna feed point on the first radiator and a grounding feed point on the second radiator; forming a dielectric layer on the radiation sheet; forming a radiation sheet on the dielectric layer, so that the interlayer coupling between two adjacent layers of the radiation sheets is realized; and repeating the steps of forming the dielectric layer and the radiation sheet until the radiation sheets with a preset number of layers are obtained. Therefore, the application can reduce the integration difficulty of the vehicle-mounted antenna, improve the directivity diagram, improve the efficiency and the consistency between the antennas.

The invention relates to an antenna array plane directional diagram forming method for analyzing and solving a phase weighted value, which comprises the following steps of: analyzing and solving the phase weighted value: obtaining target electric field distribution at an antenna array plane through Fourier transform according to a target directional diagram; electric field distribution is decomposed into a weighted sum of two pure phase fields, and an antenna array plane is divided into two groups of array element subsets which are distributed alternately according to the weighted sum; phase distribution corresponding to the pure phase field is loaded to the two array element subsets, a radiation field with a target forming directional diagram is obtained through array synthesis, and the directional diagram comprises a main lobe corresponding to the target directional diagram and a side lobe caused by a periodic grating lobe; and side lobe optimization: by adjusting the phase distribution of the target directional diagram and traversing the side lobe intensity of the actual directional diagram under different phase parameters, selecting the phase distribution enabling the side lobe to be the lowest as an optimized target phase so as to suppress the side lobe caused by the grating lobe. According to the method, the phase weighted value is solved through rapid analysis, and accurate control over the antenna directional diagram is achieved.

The application provides a transparent thin film antenna unit, a module and a vehicle. The transparent thin film antenna unit comprises a transparent flexible substrate and a plurality of layers of radiation sheets arranged on the transparent flexible substrate, adjacent two layers of the radiation sheets are coupled and a dielectric layer is arranged between the two layers; each radiation sheet is a conductive grid structure, and comprises a first radiator and a second radiator arranged in the same layer, the first radiator is provided with a first directional structure and a second directional structure, the first directional structure is used for at least increasing the beam width of the elevation angle, the second directional structure is used for at least increasing the beam width in the horizontal direction, and the first radiator is further provided with an antenna feed point; the first radiator and the second radiator are oppositely arranged to form a gap, and the second radiator is provided with a ground feed point. Based on this, the integration difficulty of the vehicle-mounted antenna can be reduced, the directivity diagram is improved, the efficiency and the consistency between antennas are improved.

The application provides a frequency beam scanning antenna based on frequency simultaneous multi-beam measurement method, and relates to a radar measurement method, which utilizes multiple frequency beams generated by a frequency beam scanning antenna to transmit and receive electromagnetic signals simultaneously; first, a broadband signal is excited and echo signals reflected by a measured target are received, the distance of the measured target is calculated according to the echo signal arrival time; then, the spectrum of the echo signal is calculated and the spectrum is shifted, the difference between the original spectrum and the shifted spectrum is obtained, the minimum value between the peaks is obtained, and finally, the direction of the measured target is solved according to the directivity diagram at the minimum value frequency. The method has high accuracy and measurement rate, and the position information of multiple measured targets in the scanning range of the frequency beam scanning antenna can be obtained through one signal transmission and reception.