Methodology of using raman imaging microscopy for evaluating drug action within living cells

Abstract

A method of using Raman imaging microscopy to evaluate drug actions in living cells is disclosed. Specifically the invention describes the methods of using Raman imaging microscopy to detect drug uptake, distribution, binding, and metabolism in a single cell, and to study drug pharmacokinetics at the cellular level. The method involves measuring the Raman image of both the drug and the cell. Control images and post-treatment images of the cell were studied. Ratio images were calculated and the requisite information was obtained from a study of the intensity of the bright areas in the ratio images.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] 1. Field of The Invention [0002] The present invention relates to a method of using an optical apparatus for drug development and evaluation. More specifically, the present invention provides a convenient and cost effective method to evaluate the action of a drug at the cellular level, including its uptake, distribution, binding characteristics, etc. [0003] 2. Background Information [0004] The determination of drug action at the cellular level is a problem of great importance to drug evaluation and development. Recently, the implementation of rational drug design, combinatorial chemistry techniques, and high throughput screening have led to large numbers of new potential drugs. However, currently there is no cost effective way to understand the details of how these potential drugs work at the cellular level. This lack of methodology requires pharmaceutical companies to spend millions of dollars in animal and clinical studies to evaluate a candidate...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0027] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a convenient and cost effective method to evaluate the efficacy of drugs at the cellular level.

Problems solved by technology

The determination of drug action at the cellular level is a problem of great importance to drug evaluation and development.

However, currently there is no cost effective way to understand the details of how these potential drugs work at the cellular level.

This lack of methodology requires pharmaceutical companies to spend millions of dollars in animal and clinical studies to evaluate a candidate drug.

Another major obstacle of drug efficacy is the resistance of some cells to a drug.

Using methods in molecular biology to study drug actions at the cellular level is difficult if only conventional optical microscopes are used.

However, the fluorescent approach has several disadvantages and limitations: (1) the sample preparation procedure is complicated and time consuming, (2) the fluorescent markers used in the specimen may cause undesireable pharmacological or toxicological effects, (3) suitable markers are not available for all biomolecules, (4) the fundamental problems of fluorophore photon bleaching during measurement severely limit the use of fluorescence microscopy, and (5) the relatively short wavelength used in fluorescence microscopy can easily cause photo-damage to the specimen.

Consequently, it is often difficult, and sometimes impossible to obtain images of many molecular groups of interest by infrared microscopy.

Unfortunately, the signal for a Raman spectrum is inherently weak compared to the strength of the fluorescent signals, and therefore, can be difficult to detect.

Consequently, Raman spectroscopy, especially Raman imaging, was not practical until the recent development of a number of new signal generation, processing and detection tools.

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