The invention discloses a microscopic Raman imaging spectrum rapid detection apparatus and a method thereof, which belong to the technical field of optical microscopic imaging and spectral measurement. The microscopic Raman imaging spectrum rapid detection apparatus comprises a light source, a multifunctional sample room, a composite optical system, an image acquisition system, a data fusion processing system, a Raman spectrum detection system, and a computer control and display system. According to white light or laser emitted by the light source, sample in-situ observation and microscopic Raman imaging spectrum real-time on-line detection are respectively realized, the data fusion processing system performs real-time analysis processing on images and spectrum information, and images andspectrum information are displayed and output in the computer control and display system. The microscopic Raman imaging spectrum rapid detection apparatus has the characteristics of compact structure,high spatial resolution, convenient usage, and stable performance, can be used in the fields of water quality detection, material analysis, petrochemical engineering, environment monitoring, and industrial precision detection, is convenient for field on-site investigation experiment and on-line test real-time analysis, and has a wide application prospect.