Biosensor apparatus and methods of use

Abstract

Disclosed herein are methods and devices for detecting the presence of an analyte of interest. A biosensor device can include a reaction chamber and an electrochemical detection chamber. The reaction chamber can include at least one immobilized binding site and a probe conjugate adapted to bind to at least one of the target analyte and the immobilized binding site, while the detection chamber can include electrodes for detecting an electrochemical reaction. If present, the target analyte in the fluid sample results in a change in the amount of probe conjugate bound in the reaction chamber, which can be detected electrochemically in the detection chamber.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims priority as a continuation-in-part to U.S. application Ser. No. 10 / 105,050, entitled “Direct Immunosensor Assay,” filed Mar. 21, 2002, and Ser. No. 10 / 830,841, entitled “Immunosensor,” filed Apr. 22, 2004, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] Conventional biomedical sensors, including immunoassays based systems, have been used to report the presence and / or concentration of a wide variety of analytes. Immunoassays are generally classified into two categories: competition assays and sandwich assays. In a competition assay, the antigen in the test sample is mixed with an antigen-probe complex (commonly referred to as a reporter complex) and the mixture then competes for binding to the antibody. The probe may be a radioisotope, a fluorophore, or a chromophore. In a sandwich immunoassay, the antigen in the test sample binds to the antibody and then a second antibody-prob...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

"The patent describes a biosensor device and method for detecting and measuring a target substance in a fluid sample. The device includes an immobilized binding site and a probe conjugate, which can bind to the target substance. The presence or absence of the target substance can be detected and measured by detecting the change in the amount of probe conjugate that is bound to the immobilized binding site. The detection can be done using an electrochemical reaction or other methods. The device can be used in various applications, such as medical diagnostics or environmental monitoring."

Problems solved by technology

The washing steps introduce complexity into the assay procedure and can generate biohazardous liquid waste.

Most of the quantitative methods involve expensive pieces of equipment, such as scintillation counters (for monitoring radioactivity), spectrophotometers, spectrofluorimeters (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,156,972), surface plasmon resonance instruments (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,965,456), and the like.

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