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Composition and method for enhancing the stability of jet fuels

a technology of stabilizing and jet fuel, applied in the direction of fuel additives, liquid carbonaceous fuels, fuel systems, etc., can solve the problems of limiting the use of additives at any other point, affecting the stability of jet fuel treatment, and rendering the treated recovered fuel unfit for reuse, etc., to enhance the stability of jet fuel and enhance the high temperature stability

Inactive Publication Date: 2007-05-03
ONDEO NALCO ENERGY SERVICES
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

"This patent describes a composition that improves the stability of jet fuels. It contains a combination of certain dispersants and metal deactivators. This composition helps to keep jet fuels stable at high temperatures and meets the standards set by the U.S. Air Force. It also passes a test for water retention in the fuel. The composition can be added to jet fuel in a specific amount to achieve the desired stability. Overall, this patent provides a technical solution for improving the stability of jet fuels."

Problems solved by technology

However, jet fuels are known to undergo degradation at high temperatures leading to the formation of gums and particulates that could lead to fuel system failure.
This limits the additive's use at any other point (i.e. storage, transport).
It also renders the treated recovered fuel from the aircraft unfit for reuse.

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

Preparation of Polyisobutenyl Pentaerythritol Succinate

[0036] A mixture of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (Mw 1000, 50.3 g, Oronite OLOA-15500, Oronite Company LLC, Oronite Additive Division, Belle Chasse, La.), pentaerythritol (5.1 g) containing catalytic amount (0.5 g) of p-TSA is heated to 200° C. with stirring under a constant stream of N2 gas. The esterification is monitored by disappearance of anhydride peak and appearance of ester peak in the IR. The water formed in the reaction is collected in a Dean Stark. The reaction went to completion after 90 minutes at this temperature. The reaction mixture is cooled to 150° C. and heavy aromatic naphtha (124 g) is added to dilute the product. The unreacted pentaerythritol is removed by filtration through celite. The clear amber colored product is collected for blending with the metal deactivator to make the inhibitor for fuel stability testing.

example 2

Preparation of Representative Additive Compositions

[0037] Representative additive compositions are prepared by blending a polyalkenyl substituted succinic acid esters or α-olefin maleic anhydride copolymers and a metal deactivator into HAN in the desired amount. Representative additive formulations are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, Dispersant A is polyisobutenyl pentaerythritol succinate prepared according to the method of Example 1. Dispersant B is an α-olefin maleic anhydride copolymer having a molecular weight of 10,000-20,000) prepared from 1-octacocene according as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,963. Dispersant C is a commercially available polyalkenyl substituted succinic acid ester (Lubrizol 5948, available from Lubrizol Lubricant Additives, Wickliffe, Ohio). The metal deactivator D is N,N′-Salicylidene-1,2-propanediamine (KMD-80, available from Ferro Corporation, Hammond, Ind.).

TABLE 1Representative Additive CompositionsDisper-Disper-Disper-Metalsant Asant Bsant CDeacti...

example 3

Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) Testing

[0038] The QCM testing is conducted in a Parr Bomb with 90 ml of JP-8 fuel. The fuel is saturated by bubbling air through it for 30 minutes. The sample is then heated in a closed environment while monitoring the frequency of gold plated quartz 5 MHz crystal (Matex 149211-11) for greater than 15 hrs at 140° C. The deposition rate of foulant formed on the crystal is measured in μg cm−2. The data from the blank and treated runs is presented in Table 2.

TABLE 2QCM Testing of Unstabilized and Stabilized FuelBaseAdditiveSurface Depos-Pass / % Pro-FuelConc. (ppm)it (μg cm−2)FailtectionCommentsJP-8017.24——Neat base fuelJP-82561.47Pass92Neat base fuel +Additive 3JP-82562.57Pass85Neat base fuel +Additive 2JP-82562.76Pass84Neat base fuel +Additive 1

Criteria: Deposition −2 or at least as good as approved additive

[0039] The QCM data collected from these screenings clearly demonstrates a significant reduction in the amount of deposit formed from treated s...

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Abstract

A composition comprising about 5 to about 95 weight percent of one or more dispersants selected from the group consisting of polyalkenyl substituted succinic acid esters and α-olefin maleic anhydride copolymers and mixtures thereof and about 0.1 to about 25 weight percent of one or more metal deactivators, method of using the composition to stabilize jet fuels and jet fuels comprising the composition.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] This invention relates to compositions and methods for stabilizing jet fuels and inhibiting deposit formation on jet engine components during combustion of the fuels. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] Jet fuel, in addition to its primary use as a propellant is used as a coolant for lubricating systems, electrical systems and environmental control systems in military aircraft. The trends in improving the performance of military aircraft require operation of these engines at ever increasing temperatures. However, jet fuels are known to undergo degradation at high temperatures leading to the formation of gums and particulates that could lead to fuel system failure. This results in an increased demand for jet fuels possessing enhanced stability at higher temperatures. [0003] In order to qualify jet fuels for these high temperature operations the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) has developed standard tests of jet fuel stability referred to as the Quartz Crystal Micr...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C10L1/22
CPCC10L1/143C10L1/146C10L1/1905C10L1/191C10L1/195C10L1/1966C10L1/221C10L1/2283C10L1/232C10L10/06C10L10/18C10L1/14C10L1/19C10L1/12
Inventor SAWHNEY, KAILASH N.HEO, RICHARD W.
Owner ONDEO NALCO ENERGY SERVICES