Composition and method for enhancing the stability of jet fuels
a technology of stabilizing and jet fuel, applied in the direction of fuel additives, liquid carbonaceous fuels, fuel systems, etc., can solve the problems of limiting the use of additives at any other point, affecting the stability of jet fuel treatment, and rendering the treated recovered fuel unfit for reuse, etc., to enhance the stability of jet fuel and enhance the high temperature stability
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example 1
Preparation of Polyisobutenyl Pentaerythritol Succinate
[0036] A mixture of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (Mw 1000, 50.3 g, Oronite OLOA-15500, Oronite Company LLC, Oronite Additive Division, Belle Chasse, La.), pentaerythritol (5.1 g) containing catalytic amount (0.5 g) of p-TSA is heated to 200° C. with stirring under a constant stream of N2 gas. The esterification is monitored by disappearance of anhydride peak and appearance of ester peak in the IR. The water formed in the reaction is collected in a Dean Stark. The reaction went to completion after 90 minutes at this temperature. The reaction mixture is cooled to 150° C. and heavy aromatic naphtha (124 g) is added to dilute the product. The unreacted pentaerythritol is removed by filtration through celite. The clear amber colored product is collected for blending with the metal deactivator to make the inhibitor for fuel stability testing.
example 2
Preparation of Representative Additive Compositions
[0037] Representative additive compositions are prepared by blending a polyalkenyl substituted succinic acid esters or α-olefin maleic anhydride copolymers and a metal deactivator into HAN in the desired amount. Representative additive formulations are shown in Table 1. In Table 1, Dispersant A is polyisobutenyl pentaerythritol succinate prepared according to the method of Example 1. Dispersant B is an α-olefin maleic anhydride copolymer having a molecular weight of 10,000-20,000) prepared from 1-octacocene according as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,232,963. Dispersant C is a commercially available polyalkenyl substituted succinic acid ester (Lubrizol 5948, available from Lubrizol Lubricant Additives, Wickliffe, Ohio). The metal deactivator D is N,N′-Salicylidene-1,2-propanediamine (KMD-80, available from Ferro Corporation, Hammond, Ind.).
TABLE 1Representative Additive CompositionsDisper-Disper-Disper-Metalsant Asant Bsant CDeacti...
example 3
Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) Testing
[0038] The QCM testing is conducted in a Parr Bomb with 90 ml of JP-8 fuel. The fuel is saturated by bubbling air through it for 30 minutes. The sample is then heated in a closed environment while monitoring the frequency of gold plated quartz 5 MHz crystal (Matex 149211-11) for greater than 15 hrs at 140° C. The deposition rate of foulant formed on the crystal is measured in μg cm−2. The data from the blank and treated runs is presented in Table 2.
TABLE 2QCM Testing of Unstabilized and Stabilized FuelBaseAdditiveSurface Depos-Pass / % Pro-FuelConc. (ppm)it (μg cm−2)FailtectionCommentsJP-8017.24——Neat base fuelJP-82561.47Pass92Neat base fuel +Additive 3JP-82562.57Pass85Neat base fuel +Additive 2JP-82562.76Pass84Neat base fuel +Additive 1
Criteria: Deposition −2 or at least as good as approved additive
[0039] The QCM data collected from these screenings clearly demonstrates a significant reduction in the amount of deposit formed from treated s...
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