Mechanical apparatus and method for artificial disc replacement

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device and method to 1) facilitate disk fusing, 2) perform an artificial replacement of the nucleus, 3) perform an artificial replacement of the annulus, or 4, perform an artificial replacement of both the nucleus and annulus. The device is designed to be placed into the inter-vertebral space following diskoctomy. The invention includes a delivery catheter and an expandable continuous mesh loop that has a torus configuration with a lumen within the mesh and a central hole. The mesh loop can be diametrically increased or contracted in diameter by the control element acting on the mesh loop. The mesh loop may be formed of a woven or braided material for a polymer such as PEEK (polyetheretherketone), nylon, polyurethane, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene or any other biocompatible polymer, or formed from a metallic braid of stainless steel, Elgiloy, Nitinol, or any other biocompatible metal.

Description

RELATED APPLICATION[0001]This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 11 / 153,776 filed on Jun. 15, 2006.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0002]The present invention generally relates to devices and methods for the repair of inter-vertebral discs. More, specifically, the present invention relates to devices and methods for the treatment of spinal disorders associated with the nucleus, annulus and inter-vertebral disc.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0003]Inter-vertebral disc disease is a major worldwide health problem. In the United States alone almost 700,000 spine procedures are performed each year and the total cost of treatment of back pain exceeds $30 billion. Age related changes in the disc include diminished water content in the nucleus and increased collagen content by the 4th decade of life. Loss of water binding by the nucleus results in more compressive loading of the annulus. This renders the annulus more susceptible to delamination and damage. Damage to the annulus, in ...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

"The present invention is a spinal disc device and method for treating inter-vertebral disc disease. The device can be used to reinforce or replace the native annulus, nucleus, or both. It can be implanted using minimally invasive methods and can help alleviate back pain while maintaining normal anatomical motion. The device consists of an expansile loop which can be increased in diameter by advancement or retraction of a control element. The loop can be made of a variety of materials and can be reinforced or replaced with polymeric or hydrogel materials. The invention can be used in conjunction with an endoscopic approach or can be placed within the nucleus or the outer portion of the annulus. The device can also be used to facilitate the fusion of adjacent vertebrae. Overall, the invention provides improved treatment options for inter-vertebral disc disease."

Problems solved by technology

Inter-vertebral disc disease is a major worldwide health problem.

Loss of water binding by the nucleus results in more compressive loading of the annulus.

This renders the annulus more susceptible to delamination and damage.

Damage to the annulus, in turn, accelerates disc degeneration and degeneration of surrounding tissues such as the facet joints.

These procedures only address the symptom of lower back pain.

Both procedures actually worsen the overall condition of the affected disc and the adjacent discs.

However device failure has been reported along with dislocation and migration.

Major limitations of nuclear prostheses are that they can only be used in patients in whom disc degeneration is at an early stage because they require the presence of a competent natural annulus.

In discs at later stages of degeneration the annulus is often torn, flattened and / or delaminated and may not be strong enough to provide the needed constraint.

Additionally, placement of the artificial nucleus often requires access through the annulus.

This leaves behind a defect in the annulus through which the artificial nucleus may eventually extrude compressing adjacent structures.

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