Cellular communications system with sectorization

Abstract

A method and apparatus for sectorizing coverage of a cellular communications area includes providing a remote unit having microcell antenna units. Each microcell antenna unit is configured to cover a particular sector. The remote unit is connected to a sectorized base station unit which is connected to a mobile telecommunications switching office. Separate digitized streams representative of telephone signals received from the mobile telecommunications switching office are generated corresponding to the microcell antenna units and the separate digitized streams are multiplexed and transmitted to the remote unit. The remote unit demultiplexes the multiplexed digitized streams into the separate digitized streams corresponding to the microcell antenna units and the separate digitized streams are converted to RF signals for coverage of a particular sector by the corresponding microcell antenna unit. Separate digitized streams are separately generated for each microcell antenna unit representative of RF signals received at the microcell antenna unit for a particular sector. The separately generated digitized streams are multiplexed at the remote unit and transmitted to the sectorized base station unit. At the sectorized base station unit, the multiplexed digitized streams are demultiplexed into the separate digitized streams corresponding to microcell antenna units and the separate digitized streams are converted to RF signals for provision to the mobile telecommunications switching office. Diversity at the remote units is also provided.

Description

[0001]This Reissue Application is a continuation of Reissue application Ser. No. 09 / 747,273, filed Dec. 22, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. Re. 40,564 which is a reissue of application Ser. No. 08 / 299,159, filed Aug. 31, 1994, (U.S. Pat. No. 5,852,651), which is a division of application Ser. No. 08 / 204,660, filed Mar. 2, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,627,879, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08 / 183,221, filed Jan. 14, 1994, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08 / 068,389, filed May 28, 1993, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. applicationapplications Ser. Nos. 07 / 946,402, 07 / 946,964, 07 / 946,931, and 07 / 946,548, all filed Sep. 17, 1992, all of which are now abandoned. More than one reissue application has been filed for U.S. Pat. No. 5,852,651. Specifically, Reissue application Ser. No. 09 / 747,273 was filed Dec. 22, 2000 and the present application is a continuation thereof.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0002]This inv...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0015]The present invention provides improved coverage and increased capacity by assignment of reusable channel sets throughout the microcell system, without the need to deploy independent, conventional base stations in each microcell area. It also provides good dynamic range over extended distances as compared to analog systems such as the AT&T system described above.

[0018]Thus, the exemplary embodiment outlined above contemplates that the microcell base station / antenna unit pairs are arranged to provide a reusable pattern of channels (as in conventional cellular technology) in the microcell system. The microcell base station units do not normally include an antenna, and can be located in a convenient and preferably low cost location, which may be outside of the microcell system territory if desired.

[0023]Therefore, the invention eliminates the problems associated with analog AM (or FM) systems, such as that illustrated in the above-mentioned AT&T application, by using a digital transport resulting in better signal quality and for greater range between a base station and a microcell antenna unit. As employed in one exemplary embodiment, the invention greatly increases system capacity over existing mobile telephone systems without the requirement of deploying conventional base station equipment in each microcell area, and allows for provision of alternative services such as paging systems, mobile data services or personal communication networks. The present invention also improves the dynamic range of the signal and extends the distance signals may be reliably transported from the base stations to the antenna units. In another exemplary embodiment, the invention provides readily for the transmission of control and monitoring information to and from the microcell antenna unit.

[0024]To provide additional advantages, an exemplary all-digital embodiment of a microcell system is also provided wherein a plurality of commonly located digital microcell base station units communicate with a corresponding plurality of microcell antenna units deployed in respective microcell areas. According to this all digital embodiment, the base stations are fully digital and synthesize a digital signal directly from the T1 carrier received from the MTSO. The digital signal is transmitted over optical fiber to the microcell units. The microcell units receive the digital signal, and construct an analog RF signal using a digital-to-analog converter. The RF signal is applied to a power amplifier, the output of which is fed to an antenna for broadcast into the microcell area. The antenna units receive RF signals from the mobile units. The RF signal is filtered through a set of filters, one for each channel assigned to the microcell, and the filtered signal applied to an analog-to-digital converter. The digitized signal is transmitted over the optical fiber back to the digital microcell base station. The base station in turn directly synthesizes the digital signal onto the T1 carrier back to the MTSO. Conventional circuitry interfaces the transmitters and receivers to the MTSO. Thus, this exemplary embodiment contemplates that the microcell base station units are fully digital and eliminate the need for RF equipment at the base station as well as for analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, thus providing the opportunity to reduce both the cost and volume of equipment required at the base station site, and to reduce maintenance needs on inherently less reliable analog equipment. The digital microcell base station units can be located in a convenient and preferably low cost location, which may be outside of the microcell system territory if desired.

[0025]A method which allows for the rapid deployment of a system of the type using analog-type base stations while permitting the easy upgrade of such base stations to all digital technology is also provided. The method's first stage calls for deploying a plurality of microcell base station units as described above, each including conventional RF base station transmitters and receivers, one for each channel assigned to the microcell.

[0027]Thus, the exemplary embodiment outlined above contemplates that the antenna units installed in the first stage do not need alteration or replacement when the analog microcell base station units are replaced with all digital microcell base stations. The method thus allows the full benefit of the all-digital base station to be accomplished without the expense of modifying existing installed microcell antenna units.

Problems solved by technology

In densely populated urban areas, the capacity of a conventional system 5 is severely limited by the relatively small number of channels available in each cell 11, 16.

Moreover, the coverage of urban cellular phone systems is limited by blockage, attenuation and shadowing of the RF signals by high rises and other structures.

This can also be a problem with respect to suburban office buildings and complexes.

While such “microcell” systems are a viable solution to capacity and coverage problems, it can be difficult to find space at a reasonable cost to install conventional base station equipment in each microcell, especially in densely populated urban areas.

Furthermore, maintaining a large number of base stations spread throughout a densely populated urban area can be time consuming and uneconomical.

The ability to analog modulate and demodulate light, the limitations imposed by line reflections, and path loss on the fiber all introduce significant distortion and errors into an analog modulated signal and therefore limit the dynamic range of the signals which can be effectively carried via an analog system, especially in the uplink direction.

These factors limit the distance from the base station to the antenna sites.

Moreover, in AM systems an out-of-band signal is required to transmit control and alarm information to and from the antenna sites, again adding to the expense of the modulation and demodulation equipment.

Moreover, provision of other services such as paging systems, personal communications networks (PCN's) or mobile data services are not easily added to analog AM systems such as that shown in AT&T's European application.

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