Aiming at defects of the conventional mobile terminal detection, the invention provides a mobile terminal detection method and system. The method comprises the following five steps: configuring a system, obtaining the information of a base station, constructing a pseudo base station, monitoring uplink signaling of a mobile terminal and recognizing the uplink signaling of the mobile terminal; the mobile terminal detection system comprises a radio frequency unit, an intermediate frequency unit, a base band processing unit and a control unit which are sequentially connected in series. The mobile terminal detection method and system have the technical effects as follows: a hardware platform shared by both a GSM module and a CDMA module is used, the processing control of the radio frequency, the intermediate frequency and the base band is completed through the control unit, and the GSM and CDMA parameter selection is completed through the control unit, so that the system structure is simplified, and the great convenience in carrying and layout is achieved. According to the invention, a three-passageway mode is adopted, the pseudo base station is adopted to send a signal to induce a mobile phone to send a message, thus, the capturing and detection of identity information of a target can be completed, and a high speed and high accuracy are achieved.