The invention relates to the field of medical compositions, and particularly provides a Mongolian medicine composition for treating lumbar disc herniation and rheumatoid arthritis. The Mongolian medicine composition comprises the following ingredients of artemisia frigida willd, medicated leaven, radix sophorae flavescentis, periploca sepium, herba ephedrae, baking soda, excrementum pteropi, xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge stems, Chinese arborvitae twigs and leaves, rhizoma polygonati odorati, rhizoma polygonati, radix asparagi, puncturevine caltrop fruits, pterocarpus santalinus, long peppers, rhizoma kaempferiae, gypsum rubrum, radix trichosanthis, uncaria, nardostachys jatamansi roots, borneol, camphor, menthol and methyl salicylate. The product namely the Mongolian medicine composition disclosed by the invention has the advantages of being diversified in functions, free from influence of many factors of gastrointestinal tract enzymes, digestive juice, pH and the like, capable of better exerting efficacy, good in safety and the like, and has good obvious efficacy on treating the lumbar disc herniation and the rheumatoid arthritis.