The invention provides an object and fractal-based binocular three-dimensional video compression and decompression method. In binocular three-dimensional video coding, a left channel is used as a basic layer, a right channel is used as an enhancement layer, and the left channel is encoded by an
independent motion compensation prediction (MCP) mode. The object and fractal-based binocular three-dimensional video compression coding method comprises the following steps of: firstly, acquiring a video object partition plane, namely an Alpha plane by a video partition method, encoding the initial frame of a
left eye through block
discrete cosine transformation (DCT), and performing block
motion estimation / compensation coding on a non-I frame of the
left eye; secondly, determining the area attribute of an image block by utilizing the Alpha plane, and if the block is not within a video object area of the current code, not
processing an external block, and if the block is within the video object area of the current code completely, searching the most similar matching block by a full-searching method in a previous frame of an internal block, namely a
reference frame searching window of a
left eye video; and finally, compressing coefficients of an iterated function
system by a
Huffman coding method, and if part of pixels of the block are within the video object area of the current code, and the other part of pixels are not within the video object area of the current code,
processing a boundary block independently. The right channel is encoded by a MCP mode and a disparity compensation prediction (DCP) mode, the MCP is similar to the
processing of the left eye, and the block with the minimum error is used as a prediction result. When the DCP coding mode is performed, the polarization and directionality in a three-dimensional parallel camera structure are utilized fully.