The invention relates to a bridge crack image barrier detection and removal method based on a generative adversarial network. The method comprises the steps that first, multiple barrier pictures are collected, then tags are added, and the pictures with the tags are input into a Faster-RCNN for training; multiple barrier-containing crack pictures are collected, and barrier position calibration is performed through the Faster-RCNN; second, multiple barrier-free crack pictures are collected, and the pictures are turned over to amplify a dataset; third, the amplified dataset is input into the generative adversarial network to train a crack generation model; fourth, information erasure is performed on the positions of barriers in the barrier-containing crack pictures to obtain damaged images; and fifth, the damaged images are input into a cyclic discrimination restoration model for iteration, and then restored crack images are obtained. Through the method, barrier information in the crack pictures can be accurately detected and removed, the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the restored crack images is increased by 0.6-0.9dB compared with before, and therefore a large quantity of crack images with a high restoration degree are generated under a finite crack dataset condition.