The invention discloses a quick image classification method based on deep learning, and the method comprises the following steps: 1, network building; 2, data set preprocessing; 3, network training; 4, image classification, wherein the image classification comprises the following substeps: 4.1, inputting a testing data set into the trained network model after preprocessing, and extracting the multi-scale features of a testing image; 4.2, inputting the extracted multi-scale features into a Softmax classifier, and outputting the probability that the testing image belongs to one class; 4.3, inputting probability that the testing image belongs to one class and a label corresponding to the image into an Accuracy network layer, and outputting the probability that the image is classified correctly. Through the above steps, the method can achieve the quick classification of the testing image. The method is short in training time, is convenient in training, and is high in classification precision.