954 results about "Rainout" patented technology

A system for delivering a humidified gas to a patient is disclosed. The system includes a supply tube having a first supply tube end and a second supply tube end. The supply tube has a first inner diameter. The system also includes an apparatus for delivering heated and humidified gas to the first end of the supply tube and a single lumen having a first lumen end and a second lumen end. The single lumen has a second inner diameter, smaller than the first diameter. The first lumen end is in fluid flow communication with the second supply tube end. The system also includes a nasal cannula in fluid flow communication with the second lumen end. A method of delivering heated and humidified gas to a patient is also disclosed.

The invention discloses a ground daily rainfall predicting method based on satellite remote sensing and regression Kriging. The method comprises the steps that firstly, data are fast obtained through satellite remote sensing, and a regression relation among ground-based observation values, TRMM, DEMs and geographic positions of rainfall capacities of all levels is established according to the classification of the rainfall to obtain regression estimated values and regression residual errors of all levels; secondly, the spatial agglomeration degrees of the regression residual errors of all levels are analyzed, the trend removing is carried out on the regression residual errors, and the Kriging interpolation of the regression residual errors is carried out to obtain the regression residual error spatial distribution characteristics of all levels per 1 km; thirdly, the regression estimated values of all levels and the regression residual errors of all levels are added to obtain the ground-based predicting values of rainfall of all levels per 1 km; lastly, the ground-based predicting values of the rainfall of all levels are merged to obtain a daily rainfall predicting value per 1 km. According to the ground daily rainfall predicting method, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the ground-based rainfall can be accurately predicted, the predicting precision of the ground daily rainfall is improved, the predicted space resolution is improved, and the key problem that the water conservancy department predicts the ground rainfall is solved.

The invention relates to a multifunctional integrated type soil body freezing and thawing test system which comprises five parts including a model bearing system, a temperature controlling system, a water replenishing system, an atmospheric environment simulation system and a data acquisition system. Temperatures of an upper temperature controlling plate and a lower temperature controlling plate in a model box are respectively controlled by a cold bath, a fan and a rotatable sprinkler head are arranged at the top of a box body, and thus simulation of atmosphere rainfall and field wind is realized. the water replenishing system is arranged at the bottom of the box body, a soil sample test section is provided with a temperature sensor, a volume unfrozen-water content sensor, a soil water potential sensor, a heat flux sensor, a deformation sensor and the like, which are used for effectively testing physical mechanical factors such as temperature, volume unfrozen-water content, soil water potential, a heat flux and deformation of a soil sample in a freeze-thawing process, thus measurement precision and range are greatly improved. The defect and the deficiency of size effect caused by small size of an existing freezing-thawing test system are overcome. The multifunctional integrated type soil body freezing and thawing test system is simple in structure, easy to operate, accurate in measurement, low in requirement of a working environment condition, and stable to work.

The invention provides a single frame image rain removing method based on multi-scale feature fusion, Feature extraction of rainless images with different scale receptive fields, then deconvolution operation to get the result of rainless images, using the combination of coarse-scale features and fine-scale features, to promote the rainless images generated by fine-scale to achieve the best effectof rainless. By removing rainlines on multiple scales, the algorithm can be used in a variety of rainwater situations, and the rainout algorithm is more universal. The invention cites the antagonisticerror and the perceptual error to construct a new error function, and trains the rain removing model without any prior knowledge, and does not need to preprocess and post-process the image, thus ensuring the integrity of the whole structure. The results on a plurality of test sets show that the invention can improve the peak signal-to-noise ratio on the luminance signal channel by 2-5dB.

The invention discloses a method of implementing an automatic control and storage device used for collection of natural rainwater or rainfall runoff, relating to the fields of environmental protection and water supply and drainage work. According to the invention, by a single-chip microcomputer control device, parameters such as rainfall, rainfall time or flow are taken as trigger conditions, rainwater of different characteristic stages in a rainwater collector can be stored into different independent sampling bottles by automatic control. The rainwater collector is connected with a submersible pump to collect the rainfall runoff, and also connected with a rainwater receiving funnel to collect the natural rainwater. A distributor on the rainwater collector can automatically fill the rainwater in the rainwater collector. The device has the characteristics that firstly, the device is suitable for the fields and occasions without an alternating current power source, remote transmission of data can be automatically controlled, and a possibility of unattended automatic collection of rainwater sample in the fields at night can be achieved; secondly, the rainwater of different stages can be automatically collected according to the given rainfall or time, and the device is suitable for monitoring the change of water quality of the rainwater along with factors such as rainfall and time; thirdly, rainwater under various conditions such as natural rainwater and rainfall runoff at different catchment areas can be collected.

The invention relates to a tide predicting method for the tide is influenced by various factors, including cyclical factors, such as tidal generation force, and non-cyclical factors, such as wind power, atmospheric pressure, coast characteristics, rainfall, dip angles of the lunar orbit and the like. The predicting accuracy of the traditional harmonic analysis method is influenced by partial tide number, and the traditional harmonic analysis method cannot analyze the influence of non-cyclical factors; the artificial neural network method developed recent years overcomes the defect that the non-cyclical factors cannot be predicted by the harmonic analysis method to a certain extent, but has great data volume required by study training samples and wide involve range, can cover various possible conditions, but has less station historical data of non-cyclical factors. The invention provides a predict model, wherein factors which influence tide non-cyclically, such as wind directions, rainfall, storm surge, coast characteristics and the like, can be fused into the model, and small sample data can receive more accurate results. In the method, a support vector machine (SVM)-based predict model is established, wherein, an SVM toolbox is imported into MATLAB 7.8; training sample data is trained by utilizing svmtrain function; the formed model is tested by using a test sample svmpredict function; and the trained and tested data can predict the tide in the same tide test station.

The invention discloses a rainfall field reconstruction method by integrating microwave link, disdrometer, rain gauge and weather radar: selecting microwave link, disdrometer, rain gauge and weather radar to synchronously observe areas covered and make disperse lattices; making space matching and time matching over data of rainfall intensity synchronously observed by disdrometer, rain gauge and weather radar and making interpolation by inverse distance interpolation to draw lattice data; reconstructing rainfall field by lattice data of rainfall intensity synchronously observed by microwave link, disdrometer, rain gauge and weather radar: evaluating autocorrelation coefficient and cross-correlation coeffi-cient of data of rainfall intensity synchronously observed by microwave link, disdrometer, rain gauge and weather radar by recursion of estimated value in time domain to further determine variance of microwave link, disdrometer, rain gauge and weather radar; estimating and determining best weight of four kinds of data of rainfall intensity by minimum variance to realize rainfall field reconstruction.

The invention provides an earthquake early warning method based on Internet of Things multi-sensor information fusion and a neutral network technology, which comprises the concrete steps of firstly performing networking fusion on the multi-sensor information of multiple earthquake parameter monitoring points by the Internet of Things technology, wherein the information comprises soil radon alpha energy spectrum, well radon alpha energy spectrum, temperature in soil, humidity in the soil, air pressure in the soil, surface temperature, surface humidity, surface air pressure, surface wind speed, surface rain fall, well water level, well water temperature, well water turbidity, well water mercury, well water carbon dioxide, earthquake sound, earthquake tilting and the like; then obtaining abnormal information feature vectors by wavelet analysis, a correlational analysis method, a feature tree search method, a non-linear quantifying and processing method and a main component analysis method; and finally obtaining the relation between the multi-sensor information abnormality and an earthquake by the neutral network technology, thus achieving the aim of predicting the earthquake. The technical scheme of earthquake early warning method based on the Internet of Things multi-sensor information fusion and the neutral network technology is feasible and convenient to implement and can achieve the aim of more accurately predicting the earthquake.

The invention discloses a glacial lake burst early-warning method. Aiming at the defects that the adopted index is not reasonable, modification on observation data is over-simple in the existing glacial lake burst early-warning method, the invention provides the glacial lake burst early-warning method comprehensively considering the affects from an atmospheric temperature and the rainfall condition. According to the method, long-term observation data of temperature and rainfall in an observatory station is obtained and analyzed by a control center, a cumulative positive temperature daily increasing speed value TV in early days of a forecast date and a rainfall daily increasing speed value RV in early 30 days of the forecast date are calculated, and the TV value and the RV value are simultaneously subjected to double-index comparison with a burst warning curve RV=2.7214TV<-0.956> to judge the burst risks of the glacial lake, and an alarming system is started by the control center if necessary. According to the method, the corresponding relationship between two specific indexes of the cumulated temperature daily increasing speed value and the rainfall daily increasing speed value in early 30 days which are selected from numerous temperature and rainfall indexes and the glacial lake burst danger is determined, and the burst early-warning curve is determined. The forecast is carried out according to a more comprehensive and reasonable climate index, so the early-warning effectiveness is increased.

The invention provides a rainfall estimation method based on microwave rainfall attenuation, which comprises the following steps: acquiring microwave rainfall attenuation data of an estimation area and corresponding rainfall data, and obtaining a rainfall estimation result to be corrected through a microwave rainfall inversion model; acquiring multi-source non-rainfall data corresponding to the rainfall data, training a deep belief network by using the multi-source non-rainfall data and the microwave rainfall data set, constructing a correction and optimization model, and performing correctionand optimization on estimated data output by the microwave rainfall inversion model; obtaining a preliminary rainfall estimation result of the estimation area through the microwave rainfall inversionmodel according to estimation request parameters proposed by a user, and carrying out the correction and optimization of the preliminary rainfall estimation result according to the correction and optimization model, so as to obtain a final rainfall estimation result of the estimation area. The invention also provides a rainfall monitoring system based on microwave rain attenuation and a data processing device for rainfall estimation by using the rainfall estimation method.

The invention belongs to the field of hydraulic and hydro-power engineering, and relates to a method for measuring the intensity of atomization rainfall formed by flood discharge in hydropower engineering. The method comprises the following steps of: collecting atomization rain by using two or three rain collecting tanks, wherein the shapes of the inlets of the rain collecting tanks is completely same, and each inlet plane is vertical to each other on space; respectively gathering the collected rainfall in corresponding water measuring tank by independent guide pipes to measure the intensity of the rainfall, and finally, calculating by subjecting the measured intensity of rainfall to a vectorial resultant to obtain the corresponding total atomization rainfall intensity and the rainfall direction. The method disclosed by the invention can be used for the observation of a model and a proto-model of the atomization rainfall in hydropower engineering, and the measured rainfall intensity data is excellent in regularity and high in precision, so that the research on the mechanism of atomization of flood discharge is prompted greatly, the atomization forecast accuracy of hydropower station engineering is enhanced, and the reliable guarantee is provided to the prevention of the disaster of atomization of flood discharge.

The invention relates to an adjustable and controllable simulated rainfall device, and belongs to the technical field of artificial rainfall. The adjustable simulated rainfall device comprises lifting systems, a rainfall system, a control system and a water supply system, wherein four sets of lifting systems are provided, and construct four support legs of the device; the rainfall system consists of rainfall rods; the control system comprises two stepping motor chain wheels, two stepping motors, a rainfall angle adjusting chain, a solar panel, a rainfall angle adjusting chain wheel, a rainfall angle tail end controller, a rainfall density tail end controller, a rainfall density adjusting chain, a pressure roller base, a pressure roller and a rainfall density adjusting chain wheel; and the water supply system comprises a telescopic hose, an adjustable one-way valve, a speed regulating motor, a hydraulic motor, a water pipe and a water tank. The adjustable and controllable simulated rainfall device is convenient to install, the rainfall density and the raindrop falling angle can be changed at any time, the rainfall uniformity is high, natural rainfall in different areas under different climate conditions can be well simulated, and the research of water and soil loss under variable rainfall conditions is well facilitated.

The invention discloses a power system risk assessment method taking into consideration rainfall-induced landslide geological disasters. The method comprises the following steps: estimating the cumulative rainfall capacity of a rainfall-induced landslide disaster and the deflection of transmission tower deformation caused by landslide mass according to the data information of rainfall and the geological data information around transmission towers; getting the joint probability distribution of transmission tower damage by means of curve fitting; forming a 'weather-power network-grid' integrated layer based on a gridding technology, calculating the number of effective transmission towers corresponding to transmission lines covered by rainfall, and calculating the failure probability of the transmission lines; sampling the transmission lines through a non-sequential Monte Carlo method to get the load loss state of the system; calculating the amount of system load shed under the load loss state of the system based on an optimal load shedding model of AC power flow; and finally, doing statistics of the risk indicators of the system.

The invention discloses a probability distribution based short-time rainfall forecast method and system, and belongs to the technical field of rainfall forecast. The system comprises a cloud atlas collection module, a meteorology data acquisition module, a data transmission module, a master control module, a rainfall probability generation module, a precipitation estimation module, a rainfall characteristic determination module and a data display module. The precipitation estimation module can obtain rainfall data of higher precision and confidence by using advantages of multi-source data; therainfall characteristic determination module uses a rainfall rain type characteristic matrix and time characteristic matrix of a rainfall station to describe the rainfall and movement condition of the rainstorm center in the aspects of time and space; and a mathematic matrix is used to describe the time-space distribution characteristic of rainfall, the rainfall characteristic is researched lateron the basis of the mathematic matrix, and the accuracy and comprehensiveness of rainfall characteristic research are improved.

The invention discloses a landslide short-term and temporary intelligent early warning method based on an XGBoost algorithm, and relates to the field of landslide monitoring and early warning and machine learning. The XGBoost algorithm is applied to the field of landslide short-term and temporary intelligent early warning for the first time. The method specifically comprises the following steps: acquiring landslide body feature data in real time to construct landslide body feature vectors, wherein the landslide body feature vectors comprise rainfall, soil moisture content and landslide body surface deformation features; allowing the XGBoost model to predict the landslide body surface deformation characteristics of the prediction day according to the landslide body characteristic vectors constructed by the historical time sequence before the prediction day and the rainfall predicted by the weather forecast of the prediction day; and if the prediction value is greater than the safety threshold, sending out intelligent early warning. According to the method, the calculation speed and the prediction precision are obviously improved, and intelligent short-term and temporary prediction can be carried out on landslide deformation based on future rainfall prediction data.

The invention relates to a triggering ultrasonic tipping bucket rain gauge which comprises a rain collector, a funnel, a tipping bucket, magnetic steel, a reed switch, a ship bucket, a water inlet pipe, a metering cylinder, an ultrasonic water level measuring controller, an electric valve, a water outlet pipe, a base support and an outer barrel. The rain collector collects natural rain, the rain is gathered and flows into the tipping bucket through the funnel, the tipping bucket turns over and pours rainwater in the water inlet pipe and the electric valve through the ship bucket, the rainwater flows into the metering cylinder, the ultrasonic water level measuring controller measures the water level in the metering cylinder, and the water level is converted into rainfall and output. When the water level in the metering cylinder reaches a certain height, namely 10-mm rainfall, the ultrasonic water level measuring controller closes a water inlet valve to prevent the rainwater from entering the metering cylinder, a drainage valve is opened at the same time to drain the rainwater in the metering cylinder through the water outlet pipe, the drainage valve is closed after the rainwater is drained, the water inlet valve is opened, the rain flows into the metering cylinder to be measured, the steps are repeated for measuring, and the rainfall is accurately measured.

The invention discloses a satellite retrieval method for night rainfall probability, which comprises two steps of rain area division and rainfall estimation. A rain area division method comprises the steps of establishing an RPIM (rainfall possibility identification matrix) and then obtaining rainfall probability of all kinds of combination of brightness temperature Tb1 and brightness temperature Tb4-1 in the RPIM, wherein the RPIM is established based on an IR1-BTD41 two-dimensional spectral space. Therefore, an estimated rainfall value obtained through the rain area division method and a rainfall estimation method provided by the invention can be better related to and be more slightly deviated from an actual rainfall value, i.e. the estimated rainfall value is better consistent with the actually measured value, so the satellite retrieval method for night rainfall probability has the advantage of better application to multi-spectral satellite image night rainfall retrieval and nowcasting.

The invention discloses a debris flow rainfall I-D curve threshold construction method and a debris flow early warning method. The I-D curve threshold construction method comprises the following stepsof firstly, acquiring basin underlying surface data required for a Richard model and Van Genuchten equation numerical simulation; starting a hydrologic simulation process under a given rainfall intensity condition; determining the stability and the runoff generation state of each grid in a drainage basin along a time sequence, and calculating the bulk density of a water and soil mixture; and recording data according with a control point to fit an I-D curve, and finally acquiring a set of I-D thresholds under a previous rainfall amount condition. The invention simultaneously provides a corresponding drainage basin debris flow early warning method. By using the method of the invention, the idea of fitting the curve through historical data statistical analysis is abandoned, and the breakthrough of constructing a debris flow generation condition threshold from the aspect of the measurement of the dynamic index of a debris flow characteristic is realized. The method can effectively solve the problem of using the I-D curve threshold to implement debris flow early warning in the drainage basin without data.

The invention relates to a geological disaster prediction and forecast technology, and aims to provide a rainfall threshold analysis method causing basin landslide risks. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a three-dimensional grid according to DEM topographic data and soil layer thickness data of a target watershed, and generating boundary conditions and initial conditions required by an RIRM hydrological model; calculating space-time changes of hydrological elements in the drainage basin and drainage basin slope stability reference indexes of any three-dimensional positionin the drainage basin; drawing a relation curve that the safety factor SF, the landslide volume and the landslide area respectively change along with time under the conditions of different rainfall durations and different rainfall intensities; analyzing the relationship between landslide deformation damage and rainfall to obtain rainfall thresholds causing basin landslide risks under different conditions. According to the method, natural basin geomorphic hydrological response characteristics are reserved, and prediction errors can be effectively reduced; drainage basin hydrology and slope stability analysis can be carried out simultaneously, the actual occurrence process of drainage basin landslide disasters is met, and the prediction result is more real and reliable.