The invention discloses a dynamic reconfigurable universal ground measurement and control equipment based on a communication protocol, and a signal input and output control method thereof. Through adopting universal, intelligent and miniature design, the dynamic reconfigurable universal ground measurement and control equipment has the advantages of simple structure, uniform configuration, high compatibility and high maintainability, can realize dynamic reconfiguration from a module level to a single-machine level, and is convenient for function expansion as well as maintenance and replacementto meet the testing requirements of different stages and different working conditions, improves equipment universality and model compatibility, improves the aerospace ground test efficiency and mission reliability, adopts universal, miniature and modular design for measurement and control equipment through integrating the measurement and control requirements and measurement and control resources,realizes the equipment combination configuration oriented to functional requirements, satisfies the usage requirements of fast maintenance and replacement, integrally applies the backplate bus technology, satisfies the cascading expansion from the module level to the single-machine level and the test requirements of different stages and different working conditions, adopts an independent bus for monitoring health of board card status, and improves the intelligence level and health management level of the measurement and control equipment.