The invention relates to the technical field of water environment pollution prevention and repair, in particular to a polluted water body repair system and method. The remediation system comprises a fixing plate and a buoyancy tank, the buoyancy tank is fixed to the bottom of the fixing plate, an equipment box is fixed to the top of the fixing plate, a winding mechanism is fixed to the interior of the equipment box, the winding end of the winding mechanism penetrates through the fixing plate to be fixedly provided with a diving box, an oxygen conveying mechanism is fixed to the middle of the diving box, a mud drilling mechanism is fixed to the bottom of the diving box, and an energy storage mechanism is fixed to the top of the equipment box. The winding mechanism comprises a first servo motor, a rotating shaft, a first winding wheel, a second winding wheel, a lifting rope, an air inlet pipe, a rotating pipe, an aerator and a through hole, the first servo motor is fixed to the bottom of the inner wall of the equipment box, the rotating shaft is fixed to the output end of the first servo motor, and the first winding wheel and the second winding wheel are sequentially fixed to one end of the rotating shaft; and the lifting rope is wound and fixed on the outer side of the first winding wheel. The water body can be improved, the oxygen supply efficiency is high, the size is small, transferring is convenient, pipelines do not need to be arranged, dismounting and mounting are convenient, and placement and use are stable.