[0008] Example 1: A grafting method of subtropical cantaloupe,
[0009] (1) Preparations before grafting:
[0010] (1) Preparation of nutrient soil: The nutrient soil is a mixture of peat, perlite and vermiculite, and the mixing ratio: peat: perlite: vermiculite = 7: 2: 1, mix well, put it into the corresponding container, and wait use;
[0011] (2) Planting environment of the grafting material: the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled at 25-30°C, and the humidity is about 60%;
[0012] (3) Preparation of rootstocks: use muskmelon from subtropical land as rootstock, soak the seeds of muskmelon, and cultivate seedlings in a nutrient bowl filled with nutritious soil for 5-10 days, and control the temperature at 28℃ for 2-5 days before seedlings. Within the range of 32℃, the temperature should be controlled within the range of 22℃~28℃ for 6-10 days after the seedlings are raised, and cultivate until the 2 cotyledons of the rootstock are fully expanded and the true leaves are exposed;
[0013] (4) Preparation of melon seedlings: After the rootstock seedlings grow for three days, the melon is soaked in the nutrient solution of organic fertilizer, and the germination is accelerated in the plugs filled with nutritious soil until the scion hypocotyls are elongated and the tender green cotyledons are about to expand. stage;
[0014] (5) The layout of the grafting site: the grafting work is arranged in a rain shelter, if the sun is strong, a layer of shading net is added;
[0015] (2) Grafting:
[0016] (1) Preparation and disinfection of the tools used: disinfect the blade with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution, and cut the bamboo stick into a flat pointed shape with the same thickness as the scion, and the tip length is 0.6 to 1.0 cm;
[0017] (2) Use a disinfected blade to remove the true leaves and growing points of the rootstock;
[0018] (3) Without damaging or piercing the epidermis of the rootstock, insert the sterilized bamboo sticks vertically between the two cotyledons of the rootstock to form a small hole with a depth of 0.4-0.8 cm;
[0019] (4) Cut off the hypocotyl of the melon seedling with a sterilized blade, wash it with clean water, and insert a knife from about 0.4 to 0.8 cm under the scion cotyledon, and cut a knife diagonally downward on each of the opposite sides. The length of the cut surface is 0.4~ 0.8 cm, the knife edge is required to be smooth;
[0020] (5) The left hand and two fingers hold the two cotyledons of the rootstock, and the right hand inserts the scion into the socket of the rootstock. The cotyledons of the rootstock and the scion are criss-crossed and closely match them;
[0021] (3) Management work after grafting:
[0022] Transfer the grafted melon seedlings into the greenhouse, (1) Temperature: Keep the temperature in the greenhouse at the temperature suitable for healing of the grafted seedlings within the range of 24℃~26℃. If the temperature is not enough, use seedling raising and heat preservation equipment for heating, not low during the day. At 20℃, the night is not lower than 15℃; if the temperature is too high, use vents to ventilate the temperature; (2) Humidity: During the healing period after grafting, the humidity in the greenhouse should be controlled above 80%, and the grafted seedlings can be covered with plastic Film; (3) Shading: The greenhouse should be covered with shading nets, the number of shading nets should be added or subtracted according to the actual situation, and the shading nets can be appropriately removed one week after grafting; (4) Disease and insect pest control: spray 50% before the grafted seedlings move in the greenhouse % Chlorothalonil 600 times liquid, reduce and kill the plant viruses in the greenhouse, and closely monitor the number of insects in the grafted seedlings during the healing period of one week;
[0023] (4) Colonization:
[0024] When the healing period of the grafted seedlings expires, 4 true leaves are fully expanded, and the seedlings are refined for two days, and then they are removed from the rain shelter and transplanted into the greenhouse for planting. The organic fertilizer nutrient solution is a mixture of organic farm manure extract diluted 1000 times and chlorothalonil diluted 500 times.
[0025] Case 1
[0026] On February 20, 2009, peat, perlite, and vermiculite were thoroughly mixed in a ratio of 7:2:1 to make nutrient soil, and then packed into nutrient bowls and caves. The local muskmelon is used as the rootstock, and the seeds are soaked, buried in a nutrient bowl filled with nutrient soil, heated with an electric heating wire, and seedlings are grown at a temperature of 25°C to 30°C.
[0027] On February 23, Dongfang Mi No. 1 was soaked in a plug tray and germinated at 28℃~32℃; the seedling raising temperature of rootstock changed to 22℃~28℃; at the same time, the grafting site should be disinfected and sprayed 50% chlorothalonil 600 times liquid can kill plant viruses in the greenhouse.
[0028] At noon on February 26, the two cotyledons of the rootstock were fully expanded and the true leaves were exposed; Dongfangmi No. 1 scion hypocotyls were elongated, and the tender green cotyledons were about to expand. Grafting was carried out in the rain shelter. In order to avoid too strong sunlight, add a layer of shading net.
[0029] The grafting is carried out by plugging method. Disinfect the blade with a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution; cut the bamboo stick into a flat pointed shape with the same thickness as the scion, and the tip is 0.6-1.0 cm long. Use the sterilized blade to remove the true leaves and growth points of the rootstock. On the premise of not damaging or piercing the epidermis of the rootstock, insert the sterilized bamboo sticks vertically between the two cotyledons of the rootstock to form small holes with a depth of 0.4 to 0.8 cm. Cut off the hypocotyl of the melon seedling with a sterilized blade, wash it with clean water, and insert a knife from 0.4 to 0.8 cm under the scion cotyledon, and cut a knife diagonally downward on the opposite sides. The cut surface is 0.4 to 0.8 cm long. Require smoothing. Hold the two cotyledons of the rootstock with the two fingers of the left hand, insert the scion into the socket of the rootstock with the right hand, the cotyledons of the rootstock and the scion are crisscross and make them closely match. Transfer the grafted melon seedlings into the greenhouse, and control the temperature, humidity and light. The temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at a temperature suitable for the healing of the grafted seedlings at 24°C to 26°C, the humidity is controlled above 80%, and it is covered with shading nets to avoid direct sunlight.
[0030] On March 3, when the healing period of the grafted seedlings expired, the 4 true leaves were fully expanded, and the seedlings were refined for two days with moderate light and ventilation. On March 20, the grafted seedlings were transplanted into the greenhouse. In early May, artificial pollination was carried out. Picking starts in mid-June and ends in early July.
[0031] Case 2
[0032] On February 20, 2009, peat, perlite, and vermiculite were thoroughly mixed in a ratio of 7:2:1 to make nutrient soil, and then packed into nutrient bowls and caves. The local muskmelon is used as the rootstock, and the seeds are soaked, buried in a nutrient bowl filled with nutrient soil, heated with an electric heating wire, and seedlings are grown at a temperature of 25°C to 30°C.
[0033] On February 23, Dongfang Mi 2 was soaked in seed trays and germinated at 28℃~32℃; the seedling raising temperature of rootstock changed to 22℃~28℃; at the same time, the grafting site should be disinfected and sprayed 50% chlorothalonil 600 times liquid can kill plant viruses in the greenhouse.
[0034] At noon on February 26, the 2 cotyledons of the rootstock were fully expanded and the true leaves were exposed; Dongfangmi No. 2 scion hypocotyls were elongated, and the tender green cotyledons were about to expand. Grafting was carried out in the rain shelter. In order to avoid too strong sunlight, add a layer of shading net.
[0035] The grafting is carried out by plugging method. Disinfect the blade with a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution; cut the bamboo stick into a flat pointed shape with the same thickness as the scion, and the tip is 0.6-0.1 cm long. Use the sterilized blade to remove the true leaves and growth points of the rootstock. On the premise of not damaging or piercing the epidermis of the rootstock, insert the sterilized bamboo sticks vertically between the two cotyledons of the rootstock to form small holes with a depth of 0.4 to 0.8 cm. Cut off the hypocotyl of the melon seedling with a sterilized blade, wash it with clean water, and insert a knife from 0.4 to 0.8 cm under the scion cotyledon, and cut a knife diagonally downward on the opposite sides. The cut surface is 0.4 to 0.8 cm long. Require smoothing. Hold the two cotyledons of the rootstock with the two fingers of the left hand, insert the scion into the socket of the rootstock with the right hand, the cotyledons of the rootstock and the scion are crisscross and make them closely match. Transfer the grafted melon seedlings into the greenhouse, and control the temperature, humidity and light. The temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at a temperature suitable for the healing of the grafted seedlings at 24°C to 26°C, the humidity is controlled above 80%, and it is covered with shading nets to avoid direct sunlight.
[0036] On March 3, when the healing period of the grafted seedlings expired, the 4 true leaves were fully expanded, and the seedlings were refined for two days with moderate light and ventilation. On March 20, the grafted seedlings were transplanted into the greenhouse. In early May, artificial pollination was carried out. Picking starts in mid-June and ends in early July.
[0037] Case 3
[0038] On February 20, 2009, peat, perlite, and vermiculite were thoroughly mixed in a ratio of 7:2:1 to make nutrient soil, and then packed into nutrient bowls and caves. The local muskmelon is used as the rootstock, and the seeds are soaked, buried in a nutrient bowl filled with nutrient soil, heated with an electric heating wire, and seedlings are grown at a temperature of 25°C to 30°C.
[0039] On February 23, Jinhui soaked the seeds, placed them in the plug tray, and accelerated the germination at 28℃~32℃; the seedling raising temperature of the rootstock changed to 22℃28℃; at the same time, the grafting place was disinfected and sprayed with 50% chlorophyll The 600-fold solution can kill the plant viruses in the greenhouse.
[0040] At noon on February 26, the two cotyledons of the rootstock were fully expanded and the true leaves were exposed; the golden scion hypocotyls were elongated, and the tender green cotyledons were about to expand. The grafting work was carried out in the rain shelter. In order to avoid too strong sunlight, add a layer of shading net.
[0041] The grafting is carried out by plugging method. Disinfect the blade with a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution; cut the bamboo stick into a flat pointed shape with the same thickness as the scion, and the tip is 0.6-1.0 cm long. Use the sterilized blade to remove the true leaves and growth points of the rootstock. On the premise of not damaging or piercing the epidermis of the rootstock, insert the sterilized bamboo sticks vertically between the two cotyledons of the rootstock to form small holes with a depth of 0.4 to 0.8 cm. Cut off the hypocotyl of the melon seedling with a sterilized blade, wash it with clean water, and insert a knife from 0.4 to 0.8 cm under the scion cotyledon, and cut a knife diagonally downward on the opposite sides. The cut surface is 0.4 to 0.8 cm long. Require smoothing. Hold the two cotyledons of the rootstock with the two fingers of the left hand, insert the scion into the socket of the rootstock with the right hand, the cotyledons of the rootstock and the scion are crisscross and make them closely match. Transfer the grafted melon seedlings into the greenhouse, and control the temperature, humidity and light. The temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at a temperature suitable for the healing of the grafted seedlings at 24°C to 26°C, the humidity is controlled above 80%, and it is covered with shading nets to avoid direct sunlight.
[0042] On March 3, when the healing period of the grafted seedlings expired, the 4 true leaves were fully expanded, and the seedlings were refined for two days with moderate light and ventilation. On March 20, the grafted seedlings were transplanted into the greenhouse. In early May, artificial pollination was carried out. Picking starts in mid-June and ends in early July.
[0043] Case 4
[0044] On February 20, 2009, peat, perlite, and vermiculite were thoroughly mixed in a ratio of 7:2:1 to make nutrient soil, and then packed into nutrient bowls and caves. The local muskmelon is used as the rootstock, and the seeds are soaked, buried in a nutrient bowl filled with nutrient soil, heated with an electric heating wire, and seedlings are grown at a temperature of 25°C to 30°C.
[0045] On February 23, Hamihong seeds were soaked, placed in a plug tray, and germination was carried out at 28℃~32℃; the seedling raising temperature of the rootstock changed to 22℃~28℃; at the same time, the grafting site should be disinfected and sprayed for 50 % Chlorothalonil 600 times liquid can kill plant viruses in the greenhouse.
[0046] At noon on February 26, the two cotyledons of the rootstock were fully expanded and the true leaves were exposed; the hypocotyls of the Hami red scion were elongated, and the tender green cotyledons were about to expand. The grafting work was carried out in the rain shelter. In order to avoid too strong sunlight, add a layer of shading net.
[0047] The grafting is carried out by plugging method. Disinfect the blade with a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution; cut the bamboo stick into a flat pointed shape with the same thickness as the scion, and the tip is 0.6-1.0 cm long. Use the sterilized blade to remove the true leaves and growth points of the rootstock. Under the premise of not damaging or piercing the epidermis of the rootstock, insert the sterilized bamboo sticks vertically between the two cotyledons of the rootstock to form small holes with a depth of 0.4 to 0.6 cm. Cut off the hypocotyl of the melon seedling with a sterilized blade, wash it with clean water, and insert a knife from 0.4 to 0.6 cm under the scion cotyledon, and cut diagonally downward on each of the opposite sides. The cut surface is 0.4 to 0.6 cm long. Require smoothing. Hold the two cotyledons of the rootstock with the two fingers of the left hand, insert the scion into the socket of the rootstock with the right hand, the cotyledons of the rootstock and the scion are crisscross and make them closely match. Transfer the grafted melon seedlings into the greenhouse, and control the temperature, humidity and light. The temperature in the greenhouse is maintained at a temperature suitable for the healing of the grafted seedlings at 24°C to 26°C, the humidity is controlled above 80%, and it is covered with shading nets to avoid direct sunlight.
[0048] On March 3, when the healing period of the grafted seedlings expired, the 4 true leaves were fully expanded, and the seedlings were refined for two days with moderate light and ventilation. On March 20, the grafted seedlings were transplanted into the greenhouse. In early May, artificial pollination was carried out. Picking starts in mid-June and ends in early July.
[0049] Table of Experiments on Planting Muskmelon by Grafting Seedlings
[0050]
[0051] Comparison of the test situation of grafting seedling planting melon and solid seedling planting melon
[0052]
[0053] From the "Mona Lisa" Melon Grafting Survival Rate Test Table, it can be seen that the survival rates of the melons after grafting by this method are all above 94.8%. Compared with the solid seedlings grown from ordinary seeds, the germination and survival rate during the seedling period is about 60%, which is more than 30% higher than that. It can be concluded that the survival rate of grafted melon seedlings is higher than that of real seedlings.
[0054] From the "Mona Lisa" Melon Grafted Seedlings and Solid Seedling Survival Rate Test Table, we can clearly conclude that the number of deaths caused by other plant diseases such as fusarium wilt is much higher than that of grafted seedlings. number. In terms of yield per mu and income per mu, the yield per mu is relatively stable, and the income of grafted seedlings can be increased by 2500-3000 yuan per mu compared with solid seedlings, and the economic benefits of using grafted seedlings are better.
