Nanodiamonds and diamond-like particles from carbonaceous material
A nano-diamond and diamond technology, applied in the field of nano-diamond and diamond-like particles, can solve the problems of difficult synthesis, high diamond pressure and temperature energy expenditure
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preparation example Construction
[0038] The preparation method used to produce activated carbon generally involves two steps: (1) carbonization or coking and (2) activation (Fig. 1). Carbonization is performed by subjecting the starting material at a temperature of 500°C to 700°C in the absence of oxygen, and is generally performed in a vertical or horizontal rotary kiln. The activation step differs from a simple heat treatment with an oxidizing gas such as carbon dioxide or water vapor or a combination of both at a temperature of about 750°C to 1000°C. Carbonization produces a carbon skeleton with an underlying pore structure, and during the activation step, an oxidizing atmosphere greatly increases the pore volume and surface area of the product by removing volatile pyrolysis products. Burnout of the carbon also results in an increase in pore volume and surface area.
[0039] In the production of activated carbon from coal such as bituminous coal or a mixture of bituminous and sub-bituminous coals, the p...
Embodiment 1
[0058] Charcoal is made by burning wood from pine, oak and ash trees. The charcoal is collected and placed in a metal container with a valve that is used to limit the oxygen level by allowing air to flow out of the chamber and not enter it. The valve allows water and gas injection. The vessel was heated at various temperatures as follows:
[0059] 1) 500℃
[0060] 2) 750°C
[0061] 3) 1000℃
[0062] Various internal atmospheric conditions were obtained during the heating process, as follows:
[0063] 4) Obtain low oxygen low pressure conditions by preventing air from entering the chamber;
[0064] 5) Inject argon;
[0065] 6) inject water vapor;
[0066] 7) Inject normal air.
[0067] In this example, no diamond was formed at 500° or 750° C. (conditions 1 and 2) or in the presence of air (condition 7). However, diamonds were obtained at 1000°C (Condition 3) under all other test conditions (Conditions 4, 5 and 6). Therefore, nanodiamonds are formed at about 1000°C und...
Embodiment 2
[0078] After producing nanodiamonds as in Example 1, it is believed that the method is similar to that used to make activated carbon commonly used in filtration and purification. After testing several types of commercial activated carbon, the presence of diamonds was observed, confirming the preliminary experiments. It appears that activated carbon manufacturers are unaware of the presence of diamonds, which make up up to about 30% of the activated carbon's volume.
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