Oxime and/or hydrazone containing nitrosated and/or nitrosylated cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors, compositions and methods of use

Abstract

The invention provides novel cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group and novel compositions and kits comprising at least one COX-2 selective inhibitor having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group, optionally nitrosated and / or nitrosylated, and, optionally, at least one nitric oxide donor, and / or, optionally, at least one therapeutic agent. The novel cyclooxygenase 2 selective inhibitors of the invention having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group can be optionally nitrosated and / or nitrosylated. The invention also provides methods for treating inflammation, pain and fever; for treating and / or improving the gastrointestinal properties of COX-2 selective inhibitors; for facilitating wound healing; for treating and / or preventing renal and / or respiratory toxicity; for treating and / or preventing other disorders resulting from elevated levels of cyclooxygenase-2; and for improving the cardiovascular profile of COX-2 selective inhibitors.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 10 / 608,333, filed Jun. 30, 2003, now allowed, which claims priority under 35 USC § 119 to U.S. Application No. 60 / 392,044 filed Jun. 28, 2002.FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0002] The invention provides novel cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) selective inhibitors having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group and novel compositions and kits comprising at least one COX-2 selective inhibitor having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group, optionally nitrosated and / or nitrosylated, and, optionally, at least one nitric oxide donor, and / or, optionally, at least one therapeutic agent. The invention also provides methods for treating inflammation, pain and fever; for treating and / or improving the gastrointestinal properties of COX-2 selective inhibitors; for facilitating wound healing; for treating and / or preventing renal and / or respiratory toxicity; for treating and / or preventing other disorders resulting fro...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0006] The invention provides novel COX-2 selective inhibitors having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. These compounds are potent analgesics, have antiinflammatory properties and have an unexpected potential for facilitating wound healing. The novel compounds also have unexpected properties in the treatment and / or prevention of renal and / or respiratory toxicity and for improving the cardiovascular profile of COX-2 selective inhibitors. The COX-2 selective inhibitor having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, can be nitrosated and / or nitrosylated through one or more sites, such as oxygen (hydroxyl condensation), sulfur (sulflydryl condensation) and / or nitrogen. The invention also provides compositions comprising the novel compounds described herein in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0007] The invention is also based on the discovery that administering at least one COX-2 selective inhibitor having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group, and at least one nitric oxide donor or administering at least one nitrosated and / or nitrosylated COX-2 selective inhibitor having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group, and, optionally, at least one nitric oxide donor reduces the gastrointestinal toxicity induced by COX-2 selective inhibitors. Nitric oxide donors include, for example, S-nitrosothiols, nitrites, nitrates, N-oxo-N-nitrosamines, SPM 3672, SPM 5185, SPM 5186 and analogues thereof, and substrates of the various isozymes of nitric oxide synthase. Thus, another aspect of the invention provides compositions comprising at least one COX-2 selective inhibitor having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group, that is optionally substituted with at least one NO and / or NO2 group (i.e., nitrosylated and / or nitrosated), and at least one compound that donates, transfers or releases nitric oxide as a charged species, i.e., nitrosonium (NO+) or nitroxyl (NO−), or as the neutral species, nitric oxide (NO•), and / or stimulates endogenous production of nitric oxide or EDRF in vivo and / or is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase. The invention also provides for such compositions in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0009] Yet another aspect of the present invention provides methods for treating and / or preventing inflammation, pain and fever; for treating gastrointestinal disorders and / or improving gastrointestinal properties of COX-2 inhibitors; for facilitating wound healing; for treating and / or preventing renal and / or respiratory toxicity; and for treating and / or preventing COX-2 mediated disorders (i.e., disorders resulting from elevated levels of COX-2) in a patient in need thereof which comprises administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one COX-2 selective inhibitor having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group, that is optionally substituted with at least one NO2 group and / or at least one NO group (i.e., nitrosated and / or nitrosylated respectively), and, optionally, at least one compound that donates, transfers or releases nitric oxide as a charged species, i.e., nitrosonium (NO+) or nitroxyl (NO−), or as the neutral species, nitric oxide (NO•), and / or stimulates endogenous production of nitric oxide or EDRF in vivo and / or is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase (i.e., NO donors). The methods can optionally further comprise the administration of at least one therapeutic agent, such as, for example, steroids, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory compounds (NSAID), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitors, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonists, leukotriene A4 (LTA4) hydrolase inhibitors, 5-HT agonists, HMG CoA inhibitors, H2 antagonists, antineoplastic agents, antiplatelet agents, thrombin inhibitors, thromboxane inhibitors, decongestants, diuretics, sedating or non-sedating anti-histamines, inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, opioids, analgesics, Helicobacter pylori inhibitors, proton pump inhibitors, isoprostane inhibitors, and mixtures of two or more thereof. In this aspect of the invention, the methods can involve administering the COX-2 selective inhibitors having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group, that are optionally nitrosated and / or nitrosyalted, administering the COX-2 selective inhibitors having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group, that are optionally nitrosated and / or nitrosylated and NO donors, administering the COX-2 selective inhibitors having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group, that are optionally nitrosated and / or nitrosylated, and therapeutic agents, or administering the COX-2 selective inhibitors having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group, that are optionally nitrosated and / or nitrosylated, NO donors and therapeutic agents. The selective COX-2 inhibitors having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group, nitric oxide donors, and / or therapeutic agents can be administered separately or as components of the same composition in one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.

[0010] Yet another aspect of the invention provides methods for improving the cardiovascular profile of COX-2 selective inhibitors in a patient in need thereof which comprises administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one COX-2 selective inhibitor having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group, optionally substituted with at least one NO2 and / or NO group (i.e. nitrosated and / or nitrosylated), and, optionally, at least one compound that donates, transfers or releases nitric oxide as a charged species, i.e., nitrosonium (NO+) or nitroxyl (NO−), or as the neutral species, nitric oxide (NO•), and / or stimulates endogenous production of nitric oxide or EDRF in vivo and / or is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase and / or stimulates endogenous production of NO or EDRF in vivo and / or is a substrate for nitric oxide synthase (i.e. NO donor). The methods can optionally further comprise the administration of at least one of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) inhibitors, antiplatelet agents, thrombin inhibitors, thromboxane inhibitors, and mixtures of two or more thereof. In this aspect of the invention, the methods can involve administering the nitrosated and / or nitrosylated COX-2 selective inhibitors having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group, administering the COX-2 selective inhibitors having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group, that are optionally nitrosated and / or nitrosylated, and NO donors, administering the COX-2 selective inhibitors having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group, that are optionally nitrosated and / or nitrosylated, and at least one of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) inhibitors, antiplatelet agents, thrombin inhibitors or thromboxane inhibitors, or administering the COX-2 selective inhibitors having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group, that are optionally nitrosated and / or nitrosylated, NO donors, and at least one of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) inhibitors, antiplatelet agents, thrombin inhibitors or thromboxane inhibitors. The COX-2 inhibitors having at least one oxime group or hydrazone group, nitric oxide donors, and / or 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) inhibitors, antiplatelet agents, thrombin inhibitors or thromboxane inhibitors can be administered separately or as components of the same composition in one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.

Problems solved by technology

The chronic use of NSAIDs has been associated with adverse effects, such as gastrointestinal ulceration and renal toxicity.

The undesirable side effects are also due to the inhibition of prostaglandin in the affected organ.

However, these compounds can result in dyspepsia and can cause gastropathy (Mohammed et al, N. Engl. J. Med., 340(25) 2005 (1999)).

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