Bi-fuel Engine Using Hydrogen

a hydrogen-fueled, engine technology, applied in the direction of engines, machines/engines, mechanical equipment, etc., can solve the problems of low power output of hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engines compared to gasoline or diesel engines, limited hydrogen combustion to operate at an equivalence ratio of about 0.5 or less, etc., to achieve low torque, high torque, and low torque

Inactive Publication Date: 2009-03-19
FORD GLOBAL TECH LLC
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  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Problems solved by technology

Hydrogen-fueled internal-combustion engines suffer from a low power output compared to gasoline or diesel powered engines due to hydrogen being a gaseous fuel which takes up much of the volume in the cylinder, particularly when compared to dense fuels like gasoline or diesel fuel.
Furthermore, hydrogen combustion is limited to operating at an equivalence ratio of about 0.5 or less due to increasing combustion harshness and, if it is a concern, rapidly increasing NOx emission.
Such a limit in equivalence ratio results in about half the fuel delivery as could be consumed by the amount of air in the chamber, and consequently about half of the torque developed by the engine than if at a stoichiometric proportion.

Method used

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  • Bi-fuel Engine Using Hydrogen
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Embodiment Construction

[0014]A 4-cylinder internal combustion engine 10 is shown, by way of example, in FIG. 1. Engine 10 is supplied air through intake manifold 12 and discharges spent gases through exhaust manifold 14. An intake duct upstream of the intake manifold 12 contains a throttle valve 32 which, when actuated, controls the amount of airflow to engine 10. Sensors 34 and 36 installed in intake manifold 12 measure air temperature and mass air flow (MAF), respectively. Sensor 31, located in intake manifold 14 downstream of throttle valve 32, is a manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor. A partially closed throttle valve 32 causes a pressure depression in intake manifold 12 compared to the pressure on the upstream side of throttle valve 32. When a pressure depression exists in intake manifold 12, exhaust gases are caused to flow through exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) duct 19, which connects exhaust manifold 14 to intake manifold 12. Within EGR duct 19 is EGR valve 18, which is actuated to control EG...

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Abstract

A method is disclosed for making a transition from fueling an engine with hydrogen to another fuel. That other fuel may be gasoline, a gasoline and alcohol mixture, or gaseous fuels, as examples. The other fuel has the capability of providing higher BMEP than the hydrogen because of better air utilization and because the other fuel occupies less volume of the combustion chamber. Because a desirable equivalence ratio to burn hydrogen is at 0.5 or less and a desirable equivalence ratio to burn other fuel is at 1.0, when a demand for BMEP that leads to a transition change from hydrogen fuel to the other fuel, the amount of air supplied to the engine is decreased to provide more torque and vice versa. During a transition in which liquid fuel supply is initiated, it may desirable to continue to provide some hydrogen, not leaner than 0.1 hydrogen equivalence ratio.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]A method to operate an internal combustion engine which is supplied with both hydrogen fuel and another fuel is disclosed.BACKGROUND[0002]Because of concerns about greenhouse gases that are emitted from carbon-containing fuels, such as gasoline, diesel, and alcohol fuels, there is keen interest in fueling motor vehicles with hydrogen, which produces water upon combustion. Hydrogen-fueled internal-combustion engines suffer from a low power output compared to gasoline or diesel powered engines due to hydrogen being a gaseous fuel which takes up much of the volume in the cylinder, particularly when compared to dense fuels like gasoline or diesel fuel. Furthermore, hydrogen combustion is limited to operating at an equivalence ratio of about 0.5 or less due to increasing combustion harshness and, if it is a concern, rapidly increasing NOx emission. An equivalence ratio of one is a stoichiometric ratio meaning that the proportion of fuel to air is such that all...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): F02B43/10
CPCF02D19/081Y02T10/36F02D19/061F02D19/084F02D19/0689F02D19/0692F02D19/0644Y02T10/30
Inventor STOCKHAUSEN, WILLIAM FRANCISBREHOB, DIANA DAWN
Owner FORD GLOBAL TECH LLC
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