Method for generating replication defective viral vectors that are helper free

Abstract

Sequences are provided that are capable of directing circular adeno-associated virus replication, useful in vectors for providing therapeutic agents to a subject in need thereof. The vectors of the invention are particularly useful in the treatment of acute medical conditions requiring rapid gene expression. Further provided are methods for producing packaged defective viral vectors.

Description

RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PATENT APPLICATIONS[0001]This application claims priority to U.S. provisional applications 60 / 294,797 filed 31 May 2001, and 60 / 313,007 filed 17 Aug. 2001, both of which applications are herein specifically incorporated by reference in their entirety.FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0002]The present invention provides a method of producing defective viral vectors for gene therapy that are completely free of helper viral vectors and helper viruses. The invention further provides new circular AAV vectors which are particularly useful for use in gene therapy and production stocks of packaged defective viral vectors.BACKGROUND[0003]Gene therapy is likely to become the most significant development in medicine of our time. However, before gene therapy becomes a standard medical procedure, certain technical problems common to all methods of gene delivery must be overcome. One key obstacle is the current inability to produce large quantities of pure replication defective viral v...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0012]Further studies of cAAV replication revealed that the sequence required for replication is a sequence comprising TGGCCAA (“the loop sequence”) flanked on each side by complementary sequences, such that a hairpin structure is formed by the complementary sequences hybridizing to each other. The flanking complementary sequences may be any complementary sequences of any length. In one embodiment, the flanking complementary sequences may be 5-10 by in length. In a preferred embodiment, the flanking sequences are 7 by in length. Further experiments have shown that a one base mismatch in the complementary flanking sequences provides improved replication. Accordingly, in a specific embodiment, the complementary flanking sequences comprise a one base mismatch. In a more specific embodiment, base 5 of a 7 base complementary flanking sequence contains a mismatched base.

[0015]The cAAV vector of the invention possesses several important features not found in prior art vectors. For example, in one embodiment, the cAAV vector of the invention preferably retains one 61 by AAV sequence, providing increased capacity for insertion of foreign DNA by eliminating an additional 230 by of viral sequences relative to prior art vectors. In another embodiment, the cAAV vector retains two 61 by AAV sequences. Further, as shown in the Examples below, this vector is capable of being packaged such that it is suitable for use in gene therapy applications. Still further, the cAAV vector of the invention provides improved short term expression of a gene of interest and thus provides an important advantage for use in treatment of acute conditions requiring rapid expression of a therapeutic gene of interest.

[0027]In a ninth aspect, the invention provides methods for generating a production stock of packaged defective viral vectors and defective helper vectors. Preferably the production stock comprises of packaged defective viral vectors and packaged defective helper vectors. One such method comprises placing a defective helper vector and a defective viral vector into a permissive cell and thereby allowing the defective viral vector and the defective helper vector to be replicated and at least the defective viral vector be packaged. Preferably the dhlpv comprises (i) one or more helper heterologous nucleic acid(s), the expression and / or transcription of which are necessary but not sufficient for the replication or packaging of the defective viral vector in the permissive cell, but (ii) further requires the expression and / or transcription of one or more exogenous nucleic acid(s) to replicate and be packaged. The permissive cell preferably comprises (i) the exogenous nucleic acid(s) required to replicate and package the dhlpv, and (ii) further comprises one or more ancillary heterologous nucleic acids, the expression and / or transcription of which in conjunction with the expression and / or transcription of the helper heterologous nucleic acid(s) enables the replication and / or packaging of the defective viral vector in the permissive cell thereby allowing a production stock of packaged dhlpv and dvv to be generated.

[0031]In an eleventh aspect, the invention features a packaging system for generating a helper-free defective viral vector. One such method comprises placing (e.g., co-infecting) a production stock of defective helper vector and packaged defective viral vector into a non-permissive cell that comprises one or more ancillary heterologous nucleic acids, the expression and / or transcription of which in conjunction with the expression and / or transcription of the helper heterologous nucleic acid(s) enables the replication and / or packaging of the defective viral vector in the non-permissive cell. However, the replication and / or packaging of the dhlpv is prevented because the non-permissive cell does not comprise the exogenous nucleic acid(s) required. Thus, a helper-free defective viral vector is obtained.

Problems solved by technology

However, before gene therapy becomes a standard medical procedure, certain technical problems common to all methods of gene delivery must be overcome.

One key obstacle is the current inability to produce large quantities of pure replication defective viral vectors.

One of the great challenges in effectively applying gene therapy to human disease is the development of simple systems for rapidly generating high volumes of high titer viruses completely uncontaminated by potentially toxic helper viruses.

Current strategies for producing such vectors, however, rely on techniques which either limit viral titers or which are so labor and resource intensive that they severely limit the clinical and commercial viability of these promising systems.

In an attempt to overcome this critical problem, new approaches have been attempted, though heretofore with limited success.

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