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Low, immune enhancing, dose mtor inhibitors and uses thereof

Inactive Publication Date: 2015-05-21
NOVARTIS AG
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The patent describes a method for promoting an immune response in humans by increasing the number of T cells that can produce immune responses. This method can help to boost the immune system and improve the response to vaccines and other immunotherapies.

Problems solved by technology

On the other hand, high levels of PD-1 expression generally correlate with loss of T cell function, leading to increased viral load in cases of viral infection (Pen et al.

Method used

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  • Low, immune enhancing, dose mtor inhibitors and uses thereof
  • Low, immune enhancing, dose mtor inhibitors and uses thereof
  • Low, immune enhancing, dose mtor inhibitors and uses thereof

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

example 1

Effects of mTOR Inhibition on Immunosenescence in the Elderly

[0459]One of the pathways most clearly linked to aging is the mTOR pathway. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin has been shown to extend lifespan in mice and improve a variety of aging-related conditions in old mice (Harrison, D E et al. (2009) Nature 460:392-395; Wilkinson J E et al. (2012) Aging Cell 11:675-682; and Flynn, J M et al. (2013) Aging Cell 12:851-862). Thus, these findings indicate that mTOR inhibitors may have beneficial effects on aging and aging-related conditions in humans.

[0460]An age-related phenotype that can be studied in a short clinical trial timeframe is immunosenescence. Immunosenescence is the decline in immune function that occurs in the elderly, leading to an increased susceptibility to infection and a decreased response to vaccination, including influenza vaccination. The decline in immune function with age is due to an accumulation of immune defects, including a decrease in the ability of hematopoie...

example 2

Enhancement of Immune Response to Vaccine in Elderly Subjects

[0493]Immune function declines in the elderly, leading to an increase incidence of infection and a decreased response to vaccination. As a first step in determining if mTOR inhibition has anti-aging effects in humans, a randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted to determine if the mTOR inhibitor RAD001 reverses the aging-related decline in immune function as assessed by response to vaccination in elderly volunteers. In all cases, appropriate patent consents were obtained and the study was approved by national health authorities.

[0494]The following 3 dosing regimens of RAD001 were used in the study:

[0495]20 mg weekly (trough level: 0.7 ng / ml)

[0496]5 mg weekly (trough level was below detection limits)

[0497]0.5 mg daily (trough level: 0.9 ng / ml)

[0498]These dosing regimens were chosen because they have lower trough levels than the doses of RAD001 approved for transplant and oncology indications. Trough level is the low...

example 3

Low Dose mTOR Inhibition Increases Energy and Exercise

[0502]In preclinical models, mTOR inhibition with the rapalog rapamycin increases spontaneous physical activity in old mice (Wilkinson et al. Rapamycin slows aging in mice. (2012) Aging Cell; 11:675-82). Of interest, subjects in the 0.5 mg daily dosing cohort described in Example 2 also reported increased energy and exercise ability as compared to placebo in questionnaires administered one year after dosing (FIG. 7). These data suggest that partial mTOR inhibition with rapalogs may have beneficial effects on aging-related morbidity beyond just immune function.

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Abstract

The present invention relates, in part, to compositions and methods for enhancement of an immune response by partial mTOR inhibition, e.g., with low, immune enhancing, doses of an mTOR inhibitor, such as RAD001.

Description

[0001]This application claims priority to U.S. Ser. No. 61 / 903,636, filed Nov. 13, 2013, U.S. Ser. No. 62 / 027,121, filed Jul. 21, 2014, U.S. Ser. No. 62 / 052,629, filed Sep. 19, 2014, and U.S. Ser. No. 62 / 076,142, filed Nov. 6, 2014, the entire contents of each of these applications are incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND[0002]Functional and effective T-cell responses play an important role in effective immune responses, for example, against infectious diseases and cancer. However, under certain conditions, such as chronic infection or cancer, effector T cells can be suppressed by various immunosuppressive mechanisms, including programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) / programmed death-1 (PD-1) interaction, leading to T-cell exhaustion (Pen et al. Gene Therapy 21, 262-271, 2014). It is thought that PD-L1 is normally expressed by most cell types, while its receptor PD-1 is only present on certain immune cells, such as activated T cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells. It is also thought...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): A61K39/39G01N33/68A61K39/09C12N7/00A61K45/06A61K39/145
CPCA61K39/39A61K45/06A61K39/145C12N2760/16034C12N7/00G01N33/6854A61K2039/55511A61K39/092A61K31/436A61K31/4745A61K31/519A61K39/00A61K39/09A61K39/12A61P11/00A61P13/08A61P13/12A61P15/00A61P17/00A61P19/02A61P19/10A61P21/00A61P25/00A61P25/14A61P25/28A61P27/12A61P27/16A61P3/04A61P31/04A61P31/16A61P35/00A61P35/02A61P37/04A61P43/00A61P9/00A61P9/10A61P9/12A61P3/10
Inventor MANNICK, JOANGLASS, DAVIDMURPHY, LEON
Owner NOVARTIS AG
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