The present invention provides a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 one-step fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR detection kit, which comprises a RT-PCR reaction solution, a RT-PCR enzyme mixture, a primer probe, a negative control, a strong positive control, a weak positive control, and calibration substances No.1-5. According to the present invention, a one-step fluorescence quantitative reaction can be directly performed on the extracted HIV-1RNA, the virus loading of the HIV-1RNA in a sample can be detected, the reference gene is adopted as the internal control, and the UNG enzyme is adopted to prevent pollution; and the kit has characteristics of simple one-step amplification method, short procedure, easy operation, pollution prevention, strong detection result specificity, high sensitivity, clear result and high result reliability, and can be used for detection of the virus loading of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA in blood serum.