The invention discloses a preparation method of a master cell bank for umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells in a perinatal period. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, collecting a newborn umbilical cord in a sterile way; S2, carrying out pathogenic microorganism screening on a lying-in woman, and carrying out sterile detection on an umbilical cord sample; S3, cleaning the umbilical cord sample, sterilizing, and rinsing with normal saline; S4, carrying out infusion on a blood vessel with the normal saline, squeezing out residual blood, cutting up the umbilical cord sample into tissue blocks, and rinsing; S5, dissolving gelatin with deionized water, carrying out moist heat sterilization, cooling, adding 2XDMEM(L), and uniformly mixing; S6, taking the tissue blocks, adding gelatin solution, transferring into a tissue culture flask, staying overnight in a refrigerator at the temperature of 4 DEG C, adding a complete medium, and putting in a CO2 incubator until cells grow all over a gel layer; and S7, harvesting cells by virtue of a trypsin digestion process, filtering by virtue of a cell strainer, and centrifuging to obtain PO generation MSCs, and cryopreserving the PO generation MSCs, namely an umbilical cord derived MSCs master cell bank is prepared.