The invention belongs to the technical field of medical apparatus and instruments, and relates to a medical trash can with an infection prevention function. The medical trash can with the infection prevention function comprises a can frame, an upper air cylinder, a lower air cylinder, a guide hopper, an upper cover, a lower cover, a lower can body, an upper can body, a control system, a horn, a disinfectant box, a pump, a nozzle, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor and a weight sensing plate. The upper air cylinder, the lower air cylinder, the guide hopper, the lower can body and the upper can body are all installed on the can frame. The upper air cylinder is connected with the upper cover. The lower air cylinder is connected with the lower cover. The upper cover is arranged between the guide hopper and the upper can body in a sliding fit mode. Because the dual-cover type medical trash can with the infection prevention function is in use, viral infection can be prevented more effectively, a better protection effect is achieved, and the medical trash can is high in automation degree.