The invention discloses a primer probe assembly for high-specificity amplification HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen)-B*5801 alleles on the basis of a TaqMan probe detection method. The primer probe assembly comprises an upstream primer Fp: 5'-AGGGGCCGGAGTATTGGGATG-3', a downstream primer Rp: 5'-TTGGCCTCAACTGAAAATGAAAC-3' and a probe: 5'-HEX-TCAGGGAGGCGGATCTCGGAC-BHQ2-3'. Primers and probes of reference genes ACTB are used simultaneously, target genes and the reference genes are added into a tube for dual-channel fluorescent quantitative PCR reaction, and a result is analyzed through an amplification curve. The method has the characteristics of simplicity, convenience, flexibility, quickness, high specificity, high flux, zero pollution, high resolution and the like, and is applicable to detection of the HLA-B*5801 alleles of a whole-genome DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) sample in the peripheral blood and the saliva of a human body.