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HIV Antigens and Antibodies

a technology of antigens and antibodies, applied in the field of hiv antigens and antibodies, can solve the problems of inability to cure hiv-1 infection, inability to effectively prevent infection, and limited current treatment options for hiv-infected individuals, so as to reduce hiv-1 transmission and disease progression.

Inactive Publication Date: 2016-01-07
THERABIOL
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The patent describes a method for reducing the transmission and progression of HIV-1 by using antibodies that target specific proteins on the virus. These antibodies are produced by immortalizing infectious HIV-1 particles with agents that selectively remove viral proteins and RNA. The resulting particles are then used to elicit antibodies in a subject, which can neutralize the virus. The patent also describes the use of these antibodies in a therapeutic setting to treat HIV-1 infections. The invention provides a system for producing a safer and more effective way to prevent and treat HIV-1 infections.

Problems solved by technology

To date, clinically beneficial antiretroviral drugs have been developed that delay the onset of AIDS, but an effective vaccine remains elusive, as do immune-based therapies and a cure for the infection.
Importantly, the current standard treatment of care for HIV-infected individuals has significant limitations (Reust C E, American Family Physician 2011, 83: 1443-1451).
They do not cure HIV-1 infection.
Numerous toxicities caused by the long-term usage of antiretroviral drugs have been reported.
Antiretroviral drugs are expensive and their monitored administration poses a difficult challenge in many parts of the world.
Several features of the envelope spike make it particularly challenging for vaccine and antibody development (Q Yu et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology 2010, 7: 334-340).
Third, its noncovalent assembly renders the envelope spike physically unstable.
The limitation of such antibodies is implied in the nature of their source.

Method used

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  • HIV Antigens and Antibodies
  • HIV Antigens and Antibodies
  • HIV Antigens and Antibodies

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

example 1

Manufacture of the Virus Particle Product

[0138]Those of ordinary skill in the art can appreciate that there are many processes employed in the production of the non-infectious virus particle product that retains trimeric envelope glycoprotein subunits (TEGS) in their natural state. While TEGS is the virus particle product in the following examples, other virus particle products may also be produced and used. In a preferred embodiment, infectious virus stocks were prepared from plasma in mitogen-stimulated PBMC or CD4+ blood cells (Vyas G N. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell substrate for propagating wild type HIV-1, Dev Biol (Basel) 2001 106:345-356), purified and concentrated, and then inactivated by treatment to deplete membrane cholesterol, capsid proteins, and RNA (FIG. 1).

example 2

Production of High-Titer HIV-1 Stocks

[0139]The production of the viral particle product requires appreciable amounts of infectious virus. In a preferred embodiment, high-titer stocks of HIV were produced using HIV isolated from HIV-infected individuals who were in the earliest stage of infection prior to antibody detection. Such viruses have been called ‘Fiebig I / II’ isolates or ‘founder’ viruses (Fiebig E W, et al., AIDS 2003, 17:1871-1879; Keele B F et al. Proc Nat'l Acad Sci 2008, 105: 7552-7557). The expansion of virus was performed using primary blood cells that can be obtained from blood banks while preserving the anonymity of the blood donors. Primary blood cells were used to expand the virus in its most natural form, as opposed to the use of cell lines that produce variants of the original virus.

[0140]Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated by routine Ficoll density gradient separation procedures (Vyas G N et al., Biologicals, 2012 40: 15-20). To further pur...

example 3

Measuring Viruses and Virus Particle Products

[0144]The assay most widely used in research laboratories for measuring HIV levels is an ELISA that detects the p24 capsid protein. The p24 protein is the most abundantly produced virus protein in infected cells and is the most abundant protein in the virus. Thus, the p24 ELISA is a useful assay for detecting the presence of HIV. However, because the majority of p24 is not incorporated into the virus and because p24 is present in defective viruses, the p24 ELISA does not reliably measure infectious viruses. An alternative assay measures levels of the virus reverse transcriptase protein. The present application embodies a preferred method for measuring virus reverse transcriptase: a one-step quantitative non-radioactive RT-PCR method. The method involved pelleting virus from an aliquot of the sample to be tested, lysis of the pelleted virions, the addition of a reaction mixture, incubations of varying lengths of time at various temperature...

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for reducing the occurance and / or severity of viral infections. The method embodies procedures for expanding HIV from the blood of HIV antibody negative donors and deriving a non-infectious virus particle product that is antigenic. The procedures for deriving the antigenic, non-infectious virus particle product are optimally designed to maintain the integrity of the envelope proteins while maximizing the depletion of capsid proteins and RNA. The resulting virus particle product, when introduced into humans or non-human animals, enables the production of antibodies that target the natural envelope macromolecular structure that is required for infectivity. The present invention can be applied to producing virus stocks from the blood of HIV-seronegative donors, for deriving non-infectious virus particles that retain intact envelope proteins, for producing anti-viral antibodies, and for administering anti-virus antibodies to patients.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 770,974, filed Feb. 28, 2013. The entire teachings of these applications are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]1. Field of the Invention[0003]The present invention relates to novel HIV-1 antigenic compositions that can be used to produce antibodies that neutralize multiple strains of HIV-1, the use of such antigenic compositions to induce an immune response in a subject, and the use of such antibodies in prophylactic and therapeutic methods.[0004]2. Description of the Related Art[0005]Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a life-threatening clinical condition caused by infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) (Killian M S, Levy J A, European Journal of Immunology 2011, 41: 3401-3411). AIDS was first described in a set of unusual clinical cases the early 1980s and its causative agent was ident...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): A61K39/21C07K16/10C07K14/005C07K16/00C12N7/00G01N33/569
CPCC07K16/1063C12N2740/16171C07K14/005A61K39/21C12N7/00G01N33/56983C07K2317/24C07K2317/622C07K2317/31C07K2317/21C07K2317/10C07K2317/34C07K2317/76C12N2740/16134C12N2740/16122C07K16/005A61K39/12A61K2039/5258C12N2740/16051C12N2740/16063G01N33/56988C07K14/16
Inventor KILLIAN, M. SCOTTSZAKAL, EVELINVYAS, GIRISH N.
Owner THERABIOL
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