Electrochemical eradication of microbes on surfaces of objects
a technology of microorganisms and surfaces, applied in the field of electrochemical eradication of microorganisms, can solve the problems of increasing patient morbidity, increasing hospital costs, and prolonging hospital stays, so as to reduce the number of or prevent the growth of microorganisms.
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example 1
[0062]Test coupons made from commercially pure titanium (cpTi, Ti Industries), were sequentially wet sanded through 600 grit, ultrasonically cleaned in deionized water, and sterilized under UV light for 30 mins. The test coupons were then incubated (37 C at 100 rpm) in freshly inoculated bacterial cultures (containing ˜104 colony forming units (CFU) per ml in Mueller-Hinton media) for biofilm formation. After incubation for 1 hr or 18 hrs, biofilms of 104 CFUs or 107CFUs, respectively, formed on the cpTi coupons.
[0063]Clinical isolates were utilized of both Gram-negative Acinetobacter baumannii and Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. A. baumannii strain 307-0294 (Ab307) was used. These isolates have a complete lipopolysaccharide, possess a capsule, form a biofilm, and are virulent in rat soft tissue infection models. The S. aureus strain is NRS70. This biofilm-forming MRSA strain is a respiratory isolate, sequence type 5, clonal complex 5. The genomes of both ...
example 2
[0065]The next sets of experiments were conducted to explore the role of constant cathodic voltage stimulation in eradicating preformed Ab307 biofilms (18 hr incubation, ˜107CFUs) on cpTi. We conducted a series of experiments to evaluate the application of constant cathodic voltage stimulation at −1.5V, −1.6V, −1.7V, and −1.8V for 1 hr. Post-stimulation CFUs were enumerated from both the coupons (biofilm bacteria) and the surrounding saline (planktonic bacteria). Samples that received no stimulation were assessed as controls. The outcomes of these individual experiments are presented in FIGS. 3a-d.
[0066]FIGS. 3a-d show plots of the experimental outcomes for constant cathodic potentials of −1.5V(a), −1.6V(b), −1.7V(c), and −1.8V(d) applied for 1 hours to cpTi samples with preformed biofilms of Gram-negative A. baumannii (Ab307). Each plot contains the biofilm CFUs enumerated from coupon of no stimulation controls (solid black bar) and experimental stimulations (−1.5V, −1.6V, −1.7 V,...
example 3
[0069]Based upon the data shown in FIGS. 4a-c we decided to focus on the effectiveness of the −1.6V stimulation because it showed significant reductions in biofilm CFUs and its current density hovered around −1 mA / cm2 which is on the threshold of perception for stimulation. We subsequently performed a series of experiments in which −1.6V stimulation was delivered to cpTi samples with preformed Ab307 biofilms (18 hr incubation, ˜107CFUs) for either 1 hr or 5 hrs. The averaged outcomes (FIG. 5) showed that the increased 5 hr stimulation reduces the CFUs enumerated from the coupon and the saline as compared to the 1 hr stimulation time, but that the current density remains same. Therefore, increasing stimulation time is an effective means to further reduce CFUs of both biofilm and planktonic Ab307. FIG. 5 shows a plot of the average CFUs enumerated from the cpTi coupons and the surrounding saline following −1.6V stimulation for 1 hour or 5 hours. Also shown is the average cathodic curr...
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