Yeast Metschnikowia fructicola NRRL Y-30752 for inhibiting deleterious microorganisms on plants

Abstract

A biologically pure culture of a yeast of the species Metschnikowia fructicola. The yeast is identified as NRRL Y-30752 and is capable of inhibiting growth of a deleterious micro-organism on a portion of a plant to which a biologically effective amount of a culture of the yeast is applied. Further disclosed is a composition for use in protection of agricultural produce including a biologically effective amount of Metschnikowia fructicola and a carrier. Further disclosed is an article of manufacture including packaging material and the disclosed composition which is identified for use in protection of agricultural produce from a deleterious micro-organism. Further disclosed is a method of inhibiting growth of a deleterious micro-organism on a portion of a plant including applying at least one time an agriculturally effective amount of yeast of the genus Metschnikowia to the portion of a plant.

Description

[0001]This application claims priority PCT / US02 / 07525 filed on Mar. 13, 2002 and from U.S. Patent Application 60 / 275,526 filed on Mar. 14, 2001 and now abandoned.FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]The present invention relates to a novel antagonistic yeast useful in controlling spoilage of agricultural produce, methods of use thereof and compositions containing same. Specifically, the present invention relates to the yeast Metschnikowia fructicola and to use thereof to inhibit growth of unwanted microorganisms on a portion of a plant, for example, foliage, flowers, fruit, roots or vegetables.[0003]One of the most serious problems in the modern produce (fruit, vegetable and flower) industry is decay or spoilage of produce after harvest. It is estimated that postharvest losses of fruits and vegetables are 50%. This loss is attributable to fungal and bacterial infections to a great degree. In developing countries, postharvest losses are often severe due to the lack of adequate ...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0032]The present invention successfully addresses the shortcomings of the presently known configurations by providing a novel antagonistic yeast of the genus Metschnikowia useful in controlling spoilage of many types agricultural produce caused by a broad spectrum of micro-organisms. The present invention further provides methods of use of the yeast, compositions containing the yeast and articles of manufacture containing the compositions. The present invention is expected to enjoy wide acceptance because it can provide post-harvest production from a pre-harvest application.

Problems solved by technology

One of the most serious problems in the modern produce (fruit, vegetable and flower) industry is decay or spoilage of produce after harvest.

In developing countries, postharvest losses are often severe due to the lack of adequate handling and refrigerated storage facilities.

While developed nations have adequate refrigeration, consumers in these countries often purchase produce which has been shipped great distances and stored for prolonged periods of time.

However, there is increasing global pressure to reduce the use of toxic chemicals in the food industry.

Consumers are concerned about chemical residues on fruit and vegetables in general and are especially uncomfortable with the idea of postharvest application of chemicals.

Finally, some of the more effective fungicides such as Captan and Benlate have been deregistered and are no longer available.

Further, postharvest treatment of some types of produce is not permitted.

In addition, much postharvest spoilage is the result of pathogens which colonized produce prior to harvest.

Natural compounds are typically expensive to produce and of limited efficacy.

Induced resistance holds considerable promise in theory but has suffered from two problems in other instances where it has been tried.

Induced resistance based on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) has often had disappointing results because pathogens mutate when the GMOs are widely deployed in the field.

However, the more complicated problem with GMOs has proven to be resistance to GMOs in general by consumers and environmentalists.

None of these teachings includes a micro-organism which has proved effective against a wide range of fungal pathogens in a wide range of agricultural commodities.

Further, none of these patents contain a hint or a suggestion that yeast of the genus Metschnikowia are useful in preventing post harvest loss of produce.

Further, the apparently limited spectrum of antagonist activity of Metschnikowia pulcherrima renders it ill suited for use in the produce industry.

This renders it ill suited to commercial prevention pre- and postharvest in a wide variety of agricultural settings.

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