The invention discloses a plate-and-frame type river sediment ecological protection slope for sponge city construction and a preparation method thereof. The protection slope comprises an obliquely-arranged slope body, and a plurality of ecological basins which are arranged on the surface of the slope body and form a step shape, wherein the interior of each ecological basin is provided with an ecological module unit; and each ecological module unit is successively provided with a gravel layer, a silt layer and an aquatic plant layer from bottom to top. The preparation method for the protectionslope provided by the invention comprises the following steps: building the slope body, allowing the plurality of the ecological basins to be arranged on the slope body, and respectively filling eachecological basin with the gravel layer, the silt layer and the aquatic plant layer. The protection slope provided by the invention has the following significant advantages: the protection slope adoptsan integral ecological protection slope system, can effectively protect the stable ecological structure of a side slope, fully utilizes the value of river sediment during preparation to form the ecological basins with an ecological mode of sediment improved soil, porous water-permeable bricks and amphibious plants, has the characteristics of convenient construction, ecology, beautiful appearance,high silt utilization rate, etc., is easy to maintain and has low cost.