Method and apparatus for suppressing and preventing thermal runway of lithium ion battery

A lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway technology, applied in secondary batteries, circuits, electrical components, etc., can solve the problems of ozone layer destruction, unsatisfactory fire extinguishing efficiency, etc., and achieve the effect of overcoming a single function

Inactive Publication Date: 2017-05-17
WUHAN MARINE ELECTRIC PROPULSION RES INST CHINA SHIPBUILDING IND CORP NO 712 INST
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

R-123 is often used as a refrigerant for air conditioners, refrigerators and other electrical appliances, but its fire extinguishing effect is not ideal. Moreover, R-123 is a greenhouse gas that can also damage the ozone layer, so some countries have begun to restrict its use

Method used

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  • Method and apparatus for suppressing and preventing thermal runway of lithium ion battery

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Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0027] It is the basic embodiment of the method for suppressing and preventing thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries in the present invention.

[0028] The method is to use liquid nitrogen to spray and refrigerate the faulty lithium-ion battery and extinguish the fire, and the steps include:

[0029] A. Select the timing of spraying: when the battery cell reaches a certain temperature, the spraying device is turned on;

[0030] B. Determine the spraying amount of the spray gas: based on the latent heat of vaporization of liquid nitrogen, the latent heat of vaporization of liquid nitrogen is 0.1 to 10 times the heat release of the thermal runaway of the battery cell;

[0031] C. Determine the spraying method: the spraying method is continuous spraying or intermittent spraying, which is selected according to the number of battery cells.

[0032] The steps are implemented in order of A, spray timing, B, spray amount, C, spray mode, or in parallel, or in reverse order.

[003...

Embodiment 2

[0037] It is a further embodiment of embodiment 1.

[0038] The liquid refrigerant is one of liquid nitrogen, liquid argon and liquid carbon dioxide, or two, or a combination of three. In the above step A, the spraying device is turned on when the temperature of the battery cell reaches 140°C.

[0039] The amount of liquid nitrogen spraying is in liters, determined by the following formula:

[0040] h=0.1~10Q / R

[0041] In the formula: h is the amount of liquid nitrogen sprayed; Q is the thermal runaway heat release of the battery cell; R is the latent heat of vaporization per liter of liquid nitrogen, which is a known data.

[0042] The thermal runaway heat release Q of the battery cell is determined by the following formula:

[0043] Q=m1q1+m2q2+...+mnqn

[0044] In the formula: q is the calorific value of the combustible materials that make up the lithium-ion battery; m is the mass of the combustible materials that make up the lithium-ion battery.

[0045] The liquid n...

Embodiment 3

[0047] is a preferred embodiment.

[0048]The difference from Example 2 is that the liquid refrigerant is selected as liquid nitrogen, and in the step A, the spraying device is turned on when the temperature of the battery cell reaches 120°C. In the B step, the spray amount of the spray gas is determined to be based on the latent heat of vaporization of liquid nitrogen, and the latent heat of vaporization of liquid nitrogen is 0.5 times of the thermal runaway heat release of the battery cell; the battery cell of the lithium-ion battery The active material is lithium iron phosphate. The battery cell capacity is 1.5AH. The shape of the battery cell is cylindrical. The liquid nitrogen spraying method is continuous spraying once, and the spraying time to the battery cell is 5s. After spraying, the whole device is turned off. After 10 minutes, the battery temperature is suppressed and tends to be stable, and the battery is intact.

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method and an apparatus for suppressing and preventing thermal runway of a lithium ion battery. A liquid refrigerant is adopted to perform spray refrigerating and fire extinguishing on a fault lithium ion battery; when a single battery achieves a certain temperature, a spraying apparatus is opened; by calculating vaporization latent heat amount of the liquid refrigerant, the vaporization latent heat amount of the liquid refrigerant is 0.1-10 times of the thermal runway heating amount of the single battery, and the spraying way is continuous spraying or interrupted spraying; the invention also discloses the apparatus; a storage tank is arranged in a battery pack shell; the liquid refrigerant is put in the storage tank; the storage tank is connected with a pipeline through a general control valve; a plurality of nozzles arranged above the lithium ion battery pack are arranged on the pipeline; and the battery pack shell is provided with one or more pressure release valve. Compared with the prior art, the problems of single function of the safety protection way, insufficient stability, safety and reliability and low efficiency of the lithium ion battery in the prior art are effectively overcome.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a lithium-ion battery pack system, in particular to a battery pack system capable of ensuring the safety of the lithium-ion battery, which is used to prevent and stop thermal runaway of the battery pack and combustion caused by the thermal runaway. Background technique [0002] Due to the advantages of high voltage, high energy density, long cycle life and good high and low temperature discharge performance, lithium-ion batteries have become more and more widely used. However, the potential safety problems of lithium-ion batteries in the application have become a bottleneck restricting their development, especially for lithium-ion battery packs used in power systems, because they contain more single cells, their safety problems are also more prominent. [0003] Usually, researchers try to solve the safety problem of lithium-ion batteries from three aspects: improving battery materials, improving the structure of monomers and mo...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M10/613H01M10/635H01M10/6569A62C3/16
CPCA62C3/16H01M10/613H01M10/635H01M10/6569Y02E60/10
Inventor 王兆聪李文斌郭向峰胡棋威裴波
Owner WUHAN MARINE ELECTRIC PROPULSION RES INST CHINA SHIPBUILDING IND CORP NO 712 INST
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