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Preparation method of ultra-high-capacity elemental silicon nano-wire-ball/graphene battery negative electrode material

A battery negative electrode and negative electrode material technology, applied in the direction of battery electrodes, circuits, electrical components, etc., can solve the problems of battery capacity decay, low first-time Coulombic efficiency, electrode structure damage, etc.

Active Publication Date: 2018-06-01
江永斌
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0003] At present, the conventional lithium-ion battery negative electrode materials in the world are mainly graphitized negative electrode materials. The theoretical capacity of graphite negative electrodes is 372mAh / g, and the theoretical dosage of silicon monoxide (silicon oxide) is 1720mAh / g. Silicon monoxide is seriously present for the first time. The characteristic of low efficiency, and the theoretical energy storage amount of pure elemental silicon is 4200mAh / g, which is ten times that of the current graphitized negative electrode and 2.5 times that of silicon monoxide
At the same time, the first coulombic efficiency of pure silicon is also close to that of graphitized negative electrode materials, which is theoretically 95% efficiency. However, because silicon materials have an expansion coefficient of more than 300% during the charging and discharging process of lithium-ion batteries, it is extremely easy to cause pulverization, resulting in electrode structure. damage, resulting in a rapid decline in cycle performance
In recent years, scientists around the world have nanosized silicon and increased research and development efforts in terms of morphology and structure to solve the problems of volume expansion and change caused by silicon materials in the application of lithium-ion battery anode materials, resulting in pulverization and severe battery capacity attenuation. However, silicon The preparation of nanomaterials and the dispersion of nanometerization (below 100nm) have been inhibiting the development

Method used

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preparation example Construction

[0019] A method for preparing an ultra-high-capacity elemental silicon nanocoil / graphene battery negative electrode material, including one of the following methods:

[0020] (1) Add cotton-like elemental silicon nanowires with a wire diameter of 20nm to 100nm accounting for more than 65% and a particle size of 0.5μm to 3μm accounting for more than 65% of the cotton-like elemental silicon nanowire group filled with deionized water or / and ethanol solution Then add silver nitrate solution or / and copper sulfate solution with a concentration of 0.01-2mol / L into the container, perform ultrasonic or emulsification to disperse evenly, and disperse for 15 minutes to 150 minutes, and then perform high-speed centrifugation Drying or / and high-speed evaporative drying or spray drying, and performing dry ball milling or high-efficiency multidimensional ball milling to uniformly disperse and mix to obtain dry and uniformly mixed cotton-like elemental silicon nanowire cluster particles contai...

Embodiment 1

[0030] Weigh 10 (g) cotton-like elemental silicon nanocoil material, heat it to 100 (g) deionized water, and add silver nitrate with a concentration of 0.05mol / L into the solution, and use an emulsifier to disperse evenly for 60 minutes , use a 2000 rpm centrifuge to dehydrate and preliminarily dry, and dry to a moisture content of less than 0.5%, put it into a multidimensional ball mill for ball milling to disperse, and obtain cotton-like elemental silicon nano Coil powder particles, the obtained cotton-like elemental silicon nanocoil powder particles containing silver ions are added to a graphene oxide solution with a weight of 100 grams and a concentration of 0.5%, and are emulsified and dispersed evenly by an emulsifier, and the dispersion time is 90 minutes, after the dispersion is over, heat the uniformly dispersed solution through a steam pot to 103°C to evaporate to obtain dry powder particles, then put the dry powder particles into a closed heating furnace protected by...

Embodiment 2

[0033] Weigh 10g of cotton-like elemental silicon nanowire clusters and boron trioxide particles with a particle size of 0.3 μm to 2 μm, disperse and mix them evenly through multidimensional ball milling, put them into a sealed high-temperature furnace, and under the protection of inert gas argon, Raise the temperature to 1050°C at a rate of 18°C ​​per minute, keep the temperature for 40 minutes, and cool down to below 600°C. Use vacuum suction to the storage tank. After cooling to room temperature, use a multi-dimensional ball mill to mill to ultra-fine particles with a particle size of 0.5 μm to 3 μm. Fine powder, add the ultrafine powder of 0.5 μm to 3 μm into a graphene oxide solution with a weight of 100 grams and a concentration of 0.5%, and use an emulsifier to emulsify for 60 minutes to disperse evenly. After the dispersion is completed, the emulsified The solution is heated to 105°C in a steam pot to evaporate and dry to obtain dry powder particles, and then put the dr...

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium-ion batteries and relates to a preparation method of an ultra-high-capacity elemental silicon nano-wire-ball / graphene battery negative electrodematerial. The method comprises one of the following methods: (1) adding cotton-wool-shaped elemental silicon nano-wire-balls into a container containing de-ionized water or / and an ethanol solution; then adding a silver nitrate solution or / and a copper sulfate solution; carrying out ultrasonic or emulsifying dispersion until a mixture is uniform; drying and carrying out ball milling to uniformly disperse and mix, so as to obtain cotton-wool-shaped elemental silicon nano-wire-ball particles containing silver ions or copper ions; (2) adding the cotton-wool-shaped elemental silicon nano-wire-ballparticles into boron trioxide powder, wherein the weight ratio of the cotton-wool-shaped elemental silicon nano-wire-balls to the boron trioxide powder is 100 to (5 to 0.1); carrying out ball millingand mixing to obtain the cotton-wool-shaped elemental silicon nano-wire-ball particles containing the boron trioxide, which are uniformly mixed and dried. The preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages that the discharge specific capacity is 500mAh / g to 3420mAh / g and the retention rate is 90 percent or more; the preparation method is applicable to the negative electrode material of an ultra-high-capacity storage battery.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium-ion batteries, in particular to a method for preparing an ultra-high-capacity elemental silicon nanocoil / graphene battery negative electrode material. Background technique [0002] Electrochemical energy storage with lithium-ion batteries as the main form has been greatly favored due to its environmental friendliness, long cycle life, small self-discharge, and higher energy density than other types of batteries. my country vigorously supports the development of a new generation For new energy power battery vehicles, the state once planned to subsidize the cost of new energy vehicles with 395 billion yuan. But today, the capacity ratio of new energy power batteries is relatively small, and the mileage has been plagued by the development of new energy power battery vehicles. The improvement of its own technology has entered the normal market competition development pattern, and the survival of the f...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M4/583H01M4/48
CPCH01M4/48H01M4/583Y02E60/10
Inventor 不公告发明人
Owner 江永斌