Flank-Vertical Combined Multidimensional Freeze Drilling and Cutting Method for Soft and Hard Formation

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground engineering rock and soil drilling and cutting and underground engineering disaster prevention and mitigation, and provides a lateral-vertical combined multi-dimensional freeze drilling and cutting method for soft-hard strata. A lateral-vertical combined drilling and cutting approach is adopted. Telescopic arms are controlled to drive high-strength drilling and cutting heads to drill and cut a stratum longitudinally to extend into the stratum until longitudinal drilling and cutting is completed. Drilling and cutting head control gatesrespectively make threaded drilling and cutting heads and pentagonal drilling and cutting heads drill and cut the stratum rotationally. A core drilling and cutting head is driven to carry out rotarydrilling and cutting and go into the stratum through the embedded sliding connection between the outer side of a central rotating shaft and a high-strength hollow center skeleton. Therefore, multi-angle and multi-tool compound drilling and cutting of a soft-hard stratum is realized, the problem that the hole deviates easily in deep-hole drilling and cutting construction in soft-hard heterogeneousstratums such as a rock and soft soil stratum is avoided, and the construction cost is saved. A multi-dimension and multi-area freezing method is adopted in a water-rich soft-hard heterogeneous stratum to realize longitudinal and vertical 360-degree all-round freezing in deep-hole drilling and cutting construction. Therefore, there is no collapse in deep-hole drilling and cutting, the constructionquality is reliable, and the construction safety is guaranteed.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of underground engineering rock and soil drilling, cutting, and underground engineering disaster prevention and mitigation, and in particular relates to a flank-vertical combined multi-dimensional freezing drilling and cutting method for soft and hard strata. Background technique [0002] Soft and hard strata have complex geology and are often encountered in the process of underground engineering construction. They are also the main source of danger for geological disasters, especially water-rich strata with uneven hardness and softness. Accidents such as building collapse, shield tunnel opening and tool change surface collapse, subsea water-rich tunnel rupture, etc., this is because the crossing construction in soft and hard strata is different from a single soft and hard stratum, due to the difference in stiffness between soft and hard strata The drilling and cutting speed in this formation and the reactio...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0002] Soft and hard strata have complex geology and are often encountered in the process of underground engineering construction. They are also the main source of danger for geological disasters, especially water-rich strata with uneven hardness and softness. Accidents such as building collapse, shield tunnel opening and tool change surface collapse, subsea water-rich tunnel rupture, etc., this is because the crossing construction in soft and hard strata is different from a single soft and hard stratum, due to the difference in stiffness between soft and hard strata The drilling and cutting speed in this formation and the reaction force of the drilling and cutting tool in the uneven soft and hard formation are not equal, so that the drillability of the soft and hard formation is different from that of a single soft and hard formation, resulting in the drilling and cutting of the construction surface. Drilling and cutting forces are more difficult to control than in single soft and hard formations

[0003] Existing drilling devices for soft and hard formation mainly include super large diameter shield cutter head, shield scraper, shield machine tool, PDC bit, geophysical scour bit, etc. The cutting device is mainly rock-socketed pile air-pressure-controlled cutting, but shield drilling devices such as super-large-diameter shield cutterhead, shield scraper, shield machine tool, etc. are bulky and expensive. Drilling devices such as engineering survey drilling devices have small hole diameters, blade distribution angles and cutter distribution settings are unreasonable, and when rock-socketed piles are controlled by air pressure to cut soft and hard strata, the cutting force of the cutting surface cannot change in real time with the stratum. needs improvement

Therefore, the existing drilling and cutting devices for the construction of soft and hard formations are mainly single drilling devices and cutting devices, lacking a composite drilling and cutting device with both drilling and cutting functions.

[0004] Chinese patent CN106907158A is a super-large-diameter shield cutterhead system for soft and hard uneven formations, including large cutterheads, medium-sized cutterheads, small cutterheads, spokes, panels, hobs, cutters, leading knives, center knives, Stirring rods, reducers, hydraulic motors, power transmission devices, shields, and screw excavation devices, but the layout of the cutterhead system is a multi-layer cutterhead space staggered distribution, which is expensive. When the cutterhead encounters soft and hard strata for drilling construction However, due to the limitation of the overall structure of the front cutter head of the shield machine, the shield machine can only be driven into soft and hard areas by controlling various cutter heads, and it is difficult to effectively control the drilling and cutting forces of the corresponding cutting surfaces in different layers of soft and hard layers. , and at the same time, it is not possible to cut the hard stratum in the soft and hard stratum, let alone perform freezing construction on the soft and hard stratum.

[0005] Chinese patent CN206495679U is a kind of shield scraper used in soft and hard uneven formations. There is a hard alloy on the back of the body, and a wear-resistant alloy layer on the cutting edge of the cutter body. However, the shield scraper is mainly to enhance its impact resistance in bad formations, and the cost is high, so it cannot guarantee the protection of soft and hard formations. The accuracy of the main structure during construction cannot be used for drilling and cutting rock and soil in soft and hard formations

[0006] Chinese patent CN204552753U is a shield machine tool suitable for soft and hard uneven strata, including multiple tool combinations installed on the cutter head. The tool combination includes hobs and cutting knives. The shaft of the hob is equipped with sensors. The rear part is fixedly installed on the cutter head, and the rear part of the cutter is installed on the cutter head through a base with a hydraulic expansion device. The base can move back and forth along the shield machine axis, but the shield machine tool is limited The front cutterhead of the shield machine is an integral structure, which can only be drilled into the rock and soil by controlling the hob and cutter, and cannot accurately adjust the penetration of the shield cutterhead during construction in various strata such as soft stratum, hard stratum, and soft-hard stratum. The drilling force of the surface is high, and the cost is high, and the hard formation in the soft and hard formation cannot be cut

[0007] Chinese patent CN203891774U is a five-blade PDC drill bit suitable for soft and hard formations, including a drill body and five blades protruding from the crown of the drill body, and several grooves for discharging debris are formed between the blades , the drill bit drills holes by adjusting the distribution angle of the blade and the distribution of the main cutting teeth on the blade. It cannot guarantee the stress uniformity of the main structure in soft and hard formations, and cannot be used for drilling and cutting in soft and hard formations in rock and soil.

This device is mainly aimed at the stress situation when cutting soft and hard rocks. It maintains constant pressure on the soft rocks that are drilled and applies air pressure to the hard rocks that are not fully cut. The problem of real-time adjustment of the cutting force on the cutting surface of different formations such as strata, and the rapid discharge of chips when cutting soft and hard formations cannot be solved, especially hard formations cannot be cut, and the force uniformity of the cutting device cannot be maintained

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