Method for storing hydrogen in an hybrid form

a hydrogen storage tank and hybrid technology, applied in the field of hydrogen storage, can solve the problems of not meeting the specific requirements of hydrogen storage tanks using metal hydride, and the usual response time of about one hundred milliseconds

Inactive Publication Date: 2003-03-06
HERA HYDROGEN STORAGE SYST
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

0040] The means mentioned hereinabove for storing hydrogen in different forms are those commonly used for carrying out each of the above mentioned methods. They are very conventional and need not be further described in detail. The only requirement is that they be coupled within the same tank in order to be used simultaneously for each storing at least 5% by weight of the hydrogen.
0041] Another object of the present invention is to provide a hybrid tank for storing hydrogen in both liquid and solid forms, comprising two concentric containers, one of the containers hereinafter called "inner" container is located within the other one which is hereinafter called "outer container", the containers being separated by an insulating sleeve for maintaining the inner container at low temperature. The inner container is used for storing hydrogen in a liquid form. The outer container is in direct communication with the inner container and contains a metal hydride for storing hydrogen in a solid form.

Problems solved by technology

Thus, for example, in UPS systems (uninterruptible power supply) using fuel cells fed with hydrogen, a response time of about one hundred milliseconds is usually required.
Of course, a hydrogen storing tank using metal hydride cannot satisfy this particular requirement.
On the other hand, the average power which is of about 20 KW for a typical vehicle, may easily be accomodated by a metal hydride tank.

Method used

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Examples

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example 2

Hybrid Tank for Storing Hydrogen in Liquid and Solid Forms

[0061] A hybrid tank 1 for storing hydrogen having a total volume of one liter has been devised from two concentric containers 3,5 (see FIG. 2). The inner container 3 had a volume of 0.8 liter whereas the outer container 5 had a volume of 0.2 liter. An insulating sleeve 7 was positioned between the inner and the outer containers 3,5 to keep the inner container 3 at low temperature.

[0062] In use, the inner container 3 of the tank 1 was filled up with liquid hydrogen. It contained about 0.0708 kg / l.times.0.8 liter =0.0566 kg of hydrogen. The outer container 5 was filled with a powder of a metal hydride of the type LaNi.sub.5H.sub.6 which occupied about 50% of the volume, that is about 0.1 liter. Therefore, the outer container 5 contained 6.59 kg / l .times.0.1 liter.times.1.4% =0.0092 kg of hydrogen. The total amount of hydrogen stored within the tank 1 was equal to 0.0658 kg (14% in the outer tank and 86% in the inner tank).

[006...

example 3

Hybrid Tank for Storing Hydrogen in Gas-Solid Form for use in a System Having Transitory Periods

[0065] In the tank disclosed in example 1, use was made of LaNi.sub.5H.sub.6 as the hydride. This compound is known to have a low equilibrium plateau (viz. lower than 40 bar) at operating temperature. Use could also have been made of other hydride with a low equilibrium plateau, such as NaAlH.sub.4, LiAlH.sub.4 or MgH.sub.2.

[0066] According to the invention, it is however possible to use also a hydride having an equilibrium plateau that is much higher at the operating temperature (typically ranging between 0.degree. and 100.degree. C.) than the equilibrium plateau of the conventional hydrides (typically ranging between 1 to 10 bar). Such a high equilibrium plateau is 40 bar or higher . An example of such hydrides is TiCr.sub.1.8 which has an equilibrium plateau at room temperature much higher than 100 bars (see FIG. 6). There are also medium temperature hydrides with equilibrium plateau a...

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Abstract

A method for storing hydrogen which combines the advantages of at least two known methods for storing hydrogen, selected amongst the methods for storing hydrogen in a gaseous form, in a liquid form and in a solid form. More specifically, the above method consists in coupling and using in a single tank at least two of the methods for storing hydrogen mentioned hereinabove, namely: A) the method for storing hydrogen in a gaseous form; B) the method for storing hydrogen in a liquid form; and C) the method for storing hydrogen in a solid form, in volume or surface, preferably by means of a suitable hydride. The only condition is that each of the above methods be used for storing at least 5% by weight of the total amount of hydrogen to be stored within a tank. Such a method permits to obtain fast release of hydrogen whenever required while ensuring high storage capacities. It also permits to satisfy transitory periods especially during the accelerations of a hydrogen-powered automotive vehicle.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for storing hydrogen in a hybrid form. More specifically, it relates to a method for storing hydrogen in two different forms within a single tank.[0002] The invention also relates to tanks hereinafter called "hybrid tanks", which are specially adapted for carrying out the above method when the hydrogen is stored in liquid and solid forms and when the hydrogen is stored in solid and gaseous forms, respectively.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART[0003] Methods for storing hydrogen can be classified in three main categories:[0004] (A) gaseous storage in high pressure tanks;[0005] (B) liquid storage in cryogenic tanks; and[0006] (C) solid storage in tanks containing materials that absorb (in volume) or adsorb (on surface) hydrogen.[0007] The last category listed above as category (C) is the one that makes use of metal hydride storage tanks.[0008] Each of the above categories has advantages and disadvantages that are summarized in the follo...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C01B3/00F17C11/00F17C13/00H01M8/04
CPCC01B3/0031F17C11/005F17C13/002Y02E60/321Y02E60/327Y02E60/32C01B3/00
Inventor SCHULZ, ROBERTLIANG, GUOXIANHUOT, JACQUESLAROCHELLE, PATRICK
Owner HERA HYDROGEN STORAGE SYST
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