Methods and Apparatus for Endovascular Heart Valve Replacement Comprising Tissue Grasping Elements

Abstract

A method for endovascularly replacing a patient's heart valve including the following steps: endovascularly delivering an anchor and a replacement valve supported within the anchor to a vicinity of the heart valve in a collapsed delivery configuration, the anchor having grasping elements adapted to grasp tissue in a vicinity of the heart valve; expanding the anchor, thereby rotating the grasping elements; and grasping the tissue with the rotating grasping elements.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE[0001]This application is a continuation application of U.S. application Ser. No. 11 / 232,441, filed Sep. 20, 2005, which is a continuation-in-part application of U.S. application Ser. No. 10 / 972,287, filed Oct. 21, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,748,389, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 10 / 746,240, filed Dec. 23, 2003, which is abandoned, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties and to which applications we claim priority under 35 USC §120.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for endovascularly replacing a heart valve. More particularly, the present invention relates to methods and apparatus for endovascularly replacing a heart valve with a replacement valve using an expandable anchor and tissue grasping elements.[0003]Heart valve surgery is used to repair or replace diseased heart valves. Valve surgery is an open-heart procedure conducted under general anesthesia. A...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The invention provides an apparatus for replacing a patient's heart valve using an expandable anchor and a replacement valve. The anchor has grasping elements that can be used to secure the apparatus in place. The anchor can be self-expanding or actively expanded during deployment. The grasping elements can be positioned parallel or at an angle with the anchor. The invention also provides a method for endovascularly delivering the anchor and replacement valve to the heart valve and grasping the tissue with the anchor. The invention can be used to replace both the valve leaflets and the valve annulus. The anchor can be locked and the replacement valve permits blood flow and prevents blood backflow. The invention allows for precise placement of the replacement valve without the need for tactile feedback.

Problems solved by technology

Valve replacement surgery is a highly invasive operation with significant concomitant risk.

Risks include bleeding, infection, stroke, heart attack, arrhythmia, renal failure, adverse reactions to the anesthesia medications, as well as sudden death.

First, many of the devices available today can become mispositioned with respect to the native valve. This misposition may arise for a number of reasons, such as: the valve slipping after placement, improper initial positioning arising from the difficulties associated with visualizing the relative positions of the native and prosthetic valve, the difficulty in transmitting tactile feedback to the user through the delivery tool. This is a critical drawback because improper positioning too far up towards the aorta risks blocking the coronary ostia of the patient. Furthermore, a misplaced stent / valve in the other direction (away from the aorta, closer to the ventricle) will impinge on the mitral apparatus and eventually wear through the leaflet as the leaflet continuously rubs against the edge of the stent / valve.

Moreover, some stent / valve devices simply crush the native valve leaflets against the heart wall and do not grasp or engage the leaflets in a manner that would provide positive registration of the device relative to the native position of the valve.

This increases an immediate risk of blocking the coronary ostia, as well as a longer-term risk of migration of the device post-implantation.

Another drawback of the devices known today is that during implantation they may still require the patient to be on life support as the valve does not function for a portion of the procedure.

This further complicates the implantation procedure.

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