54 results about "Electron transfer reactions" patented technology

A class of biological sensing devices that include a substrate comprising an array of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to which are chemically attached biological molecules is disclosed. The attached biological molecules are capable of electrical conductivity that is responsive to chemical changes occurring as a result of their interaction with target species. A means for means for using DNA as a material of potential in molecular electronic sensor devices, being primarily based on molecular electron-transfer reaction processes between DNA-binding donors and acceptors is also disclosed, including composition, method of manufacture and their use are described.

A highly durable photoelectric converter with excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency is prevented from resistance loss or lowering of photoelectric conversion efficiency and free from problems of corrosion and reverse electron transfer reaction. Specifically disclosed is a photoelectric converter (1) comprising a semiconductor electrode (11), a counter electrode (12), and an electrolyte layer (5) arranged between the electrodes. The semiconductor electrode (11) includes a transparent conductive substrate (10) including a transparent base (2), a conductive interconnection layer (3), and a metal oxide layer (30), and a semiconductor particle layer (4) arranged on the transparent conductive substrate (10). The transparent base (2) of the transparent conductive substrate (10) has a trench (3h) on one surface, and the conductive interconnection layer (3) is embedded in this trench (3h).

The invention relates to a method and instrument for the fragmentation of large molecular analyte ions, preferably biopolymer ions, by reactions between multiply charged positive analyte ions and negative reactant ions in RF quadrupole ion traps. Some of these reactions involve electron transfer reactions with subsequent dissociation of the biopolymer analyte ions, and some involve the loss of a proton, leading to stable product ions. The invention can use any type of ion traps, particularly three-dimensional RF quadrupole ion traps, for the reactions between positive and negative ions. The fragmentation yield can be increased because ions that remain stable as radical cations after transfer of an electron are further fragmented by collisionally induced fragmentation, forming fragment ions that are typical of electron transfer, and not those typical of collisionally induced fragmentation. The invention preferentially introduces positive ions and negative ions into the ion trap sequentially through the same aperture.

A device and method of detecting surface plasmon resonance for sensing molecules or conformational changes in molecules with high resolution and fast response time is disclosed. Light from a light source (14) is focused through a prism onto a metal thin film (15) on which sample molecules to be detected are adsorbed. The total internal reflection of the laser/incident light is collected with a differential position or intensity sensitive photo-detecting device instead of a single cell or an array of photo-detectors (12) that are widely used in previous works. The ratio of the differential signal to the sum signal of the differential position or intensity sensitive photo-detecting device (12) provides an accurate measurement of the shift in the surface plasmon resonance angle caused by the adsorption of molecules onto the metal films (15) or by conformational changes in the adsorbed molecules. The present invention requires no numerical fitting to determine the resonant angle and the setup is compact and immune to background light, The methods and sensors of this invention can be used in numerous biological, biochemical, and chemical applications such as measuring subtle conformational changes in molecules and electron transfer reactions can be studied.

Fe₂(dobdc) has a metal-organic framework with a high density of coordinatively-unsaturated Fe^II centers lining the pore surface. It can be effectively used to separate O₂ from N₂ and in a number of additional separation applications based on selective, reversible electron transfer reactions. In addition to being an effective O₂ separation material, it can be used for many other processes, including paraffin/olefin separation, nitric oxide/nitrous oxide separation, acetylene storage, and as an oxidation catalyst.

The invention discloses the application of porphyrin as a catalyst in Li/SOCl2 batteries. Both porphyrin and phthalocyanine are highly conjugated compounds containing macrocycles with similar catalytic properties. In thionyl chloride electrolyte, due to the influence of the polarity of the solution, the solubility of porphyrin is higher than that of phthalocyanine, which is beneficial to more More porphyrins participate in the catalytic reaction of the battery, which is beneficial to the transfer of electrons in the battery reaction. Using Zn(TPP) as a catalyst to catalyze Li/SOCl2 battery can effectively improve the open circuit voltage, battery capacity and average voltage of the battery. The solubility of porphyrin complexes in SOCl2 electrolyte is larger than that of phthalocyanine complexes, therefore, it is more beneficial for more metalloporphyrins to participate in the electron transfer reaction of the battery.

The present invention pertains to organic infrared absorbing layers comprising an organic radical cation compound that absorbs in an infrared region and produces an electron transfer reaction that results in a flow of electrons. Preferably, the organic radical cation compound is a salt of an aminium radical cation. Provided are photovoltaic cells comprising such light-sensitive organic infrared absorbing layers.

The invention discloses a copper oxide electrode material of a nano-porous structure and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of new energy and electrochemical sensor electrodes. The method comprises the steps of dropwise adding a copper acetate water solution into an oxalic acid water solution and reacting under a magnetic stirring condition; and carrying out cleaning and drying treatment by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol and then burning to obtain the copper oxide electrode material of the nano-porous structure. The material is of a porous cystic three-dimensional structure, the front surface is a square, the edge is in a flat form, the middle is convex, and the side surface is in a spindle form. The material is dispersed into a nafion solution and coats a glassy carbon electrode which is polished through Al2O3 turbid liquid and treated through a sonic degradation method to obtain the electrochemical sensor electrode. Electron transfer reaction can be promoted, good electrochemical activity is provided, electron transmission is facilitated, and the copper oxide electrode material has potential application values.

An ink composition for a reversibly thermochromic stamp including a reversibly thermochromic microencapsulated pigment encapsulating a reversibly thermochromic composition including:

• • Component (A): an electron-donating color-developing organic compound,
  • Component (B): an electron-accepting compound, and
  • Component (C): a reaction medium causing reversibly an electron transfer reaction between the Component (A) and the Component (B) in a specific temperature range, water and a thickener.

The invention relates to a high-rate long-service-life aqueous zinc-based battery based on a double-electron reaction. According to the invention, an aqueous electrolyte of the battery is an electrolyte with organic carboxylic zinc/manganese salt as solute and also comprises a halogen-based ion enhanced additive; a positive electrode is manganese oxide, and a negative electrode is metal zinc or zinc alloy. During discharging, the manganese oxide of the positive electrode obtains electrons, is reduced into manganese ions and is dissolved in the electrolyte; and meanwhile, the zinc/zinc alloy ofthe negative electrode gives out electrons to generate zinc ions into the solution. During charging, manganese ions in a positive electrode region lose electrons, are oxidized into manganese oxide and are deposited on a positive electrode current collector, and zinc ions at the negative electrode obtain electrons and are reduced into metal zinc/zinc alloy. The charging and discharging processes are alternately carried out. The weakly-acidic reaction system of the aqueous zinc-based battery provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that the weakly-acidic reaction system utilizes thedouble-electron transfer reaction of manganese oxide, and compared with a traditional single-electron transfer reaction, specific capacity is doubled, and higher energy density is obtained.

The invention aims at providing a solid writing material that does not adversely affect the color changing property of script and can obtain sufficient strength. This aim is achieved by the solid writing material that includes: a reversible thermochromic microcapsuled pigment encapsulating a temperature-sensitive color-changeable color-memorizing composition; an excipient; and a resin; the temperature-sensitive color-changeable color-memorizing composition including at least (a) an electron-donating coloring organic compound, (b) an electron accepting compound and (c) a reaction medium effecting reversibly an electron transfer reaction between the (a) and (b) components in a specific temperature range; wherein the excipient or the resin includes a styrene-structure-containing polymer.

The invention discloses a dye sensitization solar cell based on synergetic catalytic binary redox couple. The dye sensitization solar cell comprises a substrate, a transparent electrode, a metallic oxide photo-anode, dyes, a counter electrode and an electrolyte which is capsulated between the photo-anode and the counter electrode. The electrolyte contains mutually synergetic catalytic binary redox couple , such as organic compounds which contain hydrosulphonyl and organic P-type semiconductor. Two kinds of materials which form the binary redox couple are coupled on the molecule level, so that redox reaction with mutual catalytic reaction can be achieved, and electron transfer reaction inside the solar cell is facilitated. Therefore, recombination between a photoproduction electron and a hole can be restrained and device performance can finally be improved.

The present disclosure provides a method for preparing an alkali and co-producing gypsum, and belongs to the technical field of chemical production. The method comprises the steps of placing a cation exchange membrane into an electrolytic cell, adding a solution of sodium salt of a weak acid and a compound MH to an anode region as an anode electrocatalyst, adding sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide to a cathode region, adding a compound M as a cathode electrocatalyst, and applying a DC power supply between a cathode electrode and an anode electrode. The electrolysis oxidizes the MH into the M and releases H⁺, Na⁺ in the anolyte penetrates through the cation exchange membrane to reach a cathode region to be combined with OH⁻ in the catholyte to generate NaOH, or further absorbs CO₂ and converts into Na₂CO₃; the anolyte containing a large amount of H⁺ is generated by the electrolysis for dissolution reaction with limestone, and the H⁺ is consumed to generate Ca²⁺, and SO₄²⁻ and Ca²⁺ are combined to generate high-purity CaSO₄ precipitate. According to the present disclosure, a compound capable of generating PCET reaction is used as an electrocatalyst, while M is its oxidation state and MH is its reduction state, and mirabilite and limestone are used as raw materials to realize the preparation of soda ash, caustic soda and gypsum.

An enzyme electrode having an electroconductive base member, an oxidoreductase and an electron mediator has at least a portion (a) in which the oxidoreductase is immobilized on the electroconductive base member, and a portion (b) in which the electron mediator is immobilized on the electroconductive base member but the oxidoreductase is not immobilized on the electroconductive base member. A bio fuel cell having the enzyme electrode as at least one of an anode and a cathode allows optimization of a reaction condition of each one of a plurality of reaction steps, including an “enzymatic reaction”, an “electron transfer reaction”, etc. Thus, the bio fuel cell provides high output.

A device and method of detecting surface plasmon resonance for sensing molecules or conformational changes in molecules with high resolution and fast response time is disclosed. Light from a light source (14) is focused through a prism onto a metal thin film (15) on which sample molecules to be detected are adsorbed. The total internal reflection of the laser/incident light is collected with a differential position or intensity sensitive photo-detecting device instead of a single cell or an array of photo-detectors (12) that are widely used in previous works. The ratio of the differential signal to the sum signal of the differential position or intensity sensitive photo-detecting device (12) provides an accurate measurement of the shift in the surface plasmon resonance angle caused by the adsorption of molecules onto the metal films (15) or by conformational changes in the adsorbed molecules. The present invention requires no numerical fitting to determine the resonant angle and the setup is compact and immune to background light, The methods and sensors of this invention can be used in numerous biological, biochemical, and chemical applications such as measuring subtle conformational changes in molecules and electron transfer reactions can be studied.

The invention provides an organic electroluminescent device, a display substrate and a display device and belongs to the field of display technology. The organic electroluminescent device can solve the problem that an existing OLED has relatively low efficiency, relatively high driving voltage and relatively high power consumption. In the organic electroluminescent device provided by the invention, a P type doping material of a hole transport layer does not need a deep LUMO energy level, hole carrier injection on the hole transport layer is realized by utilizing an electron transfer reaction performed on the P type doping material when the P type doping material is excited by lights, anode contact resistance is effectively reduced, hole injection is increased, voltage is reduced, efficiency of the organic electroluminescent device is improved, and power consumption is reduced.

A sensor having improved shelf life is provided for determining concentration of a biomarker in a liquid sample. The sensor functions by electrochemical detection and requires use of a bio-molecule, e.g., an enzyme that catalyzes an electron transfer reaction specific for the biomarker. The sensor requires use of a quaternary ammonium compound as a bio-linker. It further requires crosslinking of the bio-molecule for improved stability.

[Problem] To provide a reversible thermochromic composition, and a microcapsule pigment comprising the same, the reversible thermochromic composition: exhibiting a black color at the time of color development and color changing to colorless when decolorized; having excellent contrast between a color-developed state and a decolorized state; and having a high commercial value, by using a fluoran derivative having a specific structure as an electron-donating coloring organic compound. [Solution] Provided is a reversible thermochromic composition comprising: (a) a fluoran derivative being an electron-donating and coloring organic compound and having a specific structure; (b) an electron accepting compound; and (c) a reaction medium that reversibly causes an electron transfer reaction by means of component (a) and component (b) in a specific temperature range. Also provided is a reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment comprising the reversible thermochromic composition.

The invention discloses a monomolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer method based on photo-activation, and belongs to the technical field of biological macromolecule imaging. A photo-activated fluorescent dye is used to label a biological sample taken as the donor. An activation light source with a wavelength of 200 to 450 nanometers is used to trigger the photo-activated fluorescent dye to carry out chemical reactions such as cis-trans isomerism reactions, electron transfer reactions, chemical bond breaking reactions, and the like. The photo-activated fluorescent dye is converted from a non-activated state that does not emit fluorescence into an activated state that can emit fluorescence. Then an excitation light source with a wavelength of 450 to 1200 nanometers is used to excite the fluorescent dye so as to emit fluorescence. When the distance between a donor and an acceptor labeled by a non-photo-activated fluorescence dye is in a range of 1-10 nanometers, the energy of the donor is transferred to the acceptor, namely fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The method has the advantages that in a conventional fluorescence resonance energy transfer technology, the concentration of a fluorescence sample should reach about 50 nM, while in the provided method the measurement of monomolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer can be carried out under a micro-mole concentration, which is close to the physiological conditions.