40 results about "Electron transfer reactions" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of zinc battery electrolyte, and discloses application of pyridine hydrochloride as an electrolyte additive in stabilizing a zinc negative electrode and realizing four-electron transfer of a zinc-iodine secondary battery. The hydrochloride containing the pyridine structure is used as an electrolyte additive, molecules of the pyridine structure are adsorbed on the surface of the zinc negative electrode to form a shielding layer, the deposition / stripping reversibility of the zinc negative electrode is improved, stabilization of the zinc negative electrode can be achieved, and the problems of zinc dendritic crystal, corrosion and hydrogen evolution are solved. Meanwhile, molecules with pyridine structures can activate and stabilize I- / I0 / I < + > four-electron redox reaction, inhibit I < + > hydrolysis side reaction and improve the energy density and cycling stability of the zinc-iodine battery. The problem of poor electrochemical deposition / stripping reversibility of a zinc negative electrode and the problem of poor stability of positive valence I < + > species of an iodine positive electrode of a four-electron transfer reaction are solved. The electrolyte containing the additive is low in cost, simple in method, easy to produce and high in practical value.

The invention discloses an electrochemical decoupling type hydrogen sulfide waste gas treatment electrolytic hydrogen production method and system, and belongs to the field of electrolytic hydrogen production. Organic electrochemical proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) reaction is introduced into the decoupling type hydrogen sulfide assisted electrolytic hydrogen production process, and organic matter electric coupling agent molecules are used as carriers to promote proton-electron synergistic transfer; efficient H2S oxidation is realized; wherein the organic matter electric coupling agent which is subjected to electrochemical oxidation is cyclically transported into an external reactor and is subjected to chemical reduction regeneration with H2S in the sulfur-containing waste gas on the surface of a catalyst, so that reversible circulation of a PCET reactant is realized, and meanwhile, H2S is oxidized in the process to generate sulfur. The invention constructs a low-energy-consumption, efficient and stable new process route for hydrogen production by H2S oxidation and electrolysis, which takes bionic proton coupled electron transfer reaction to drive H2S chemical oxidation to cooperate with electrolysis hydrogen production as a basic principle, and provides a new scheme for continuously producing sulfur and simultaneously producing hydrogen for the chemical industry.

The invention provides a proton coupling electron transfer method for resource removal of organic pollutants. The method comprises the following steps: S1, generating high-valence metal oxygen species with selective oxidation characteristics in situ; s2, determining optimal generation conditions of high-valence metal oxygen species; s3, determining an optimal condition for initiating a proton coupling electron transfer reaction by the high-valence metal oxygen species; s4, determining a key intermediate of a proton coupled electron transfer reaction initiated by the high-valence metal oxygen species; and S5, removing the organic pollutants in a recycling manner based on a proton coupling electron transfer method. By utilizing the method, the conversion of an organic pollutant water treatment mode from pollution control to resource recovery can be realized, a sustainable path is provided for resource recovery of organic pollutants, and low-carbon water purification can be realized.

The invention relates to a multi-metal hydroxide and iodine composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. According to the invention, efficient chemical adsorption of negatively charged iodine species (such as I <-> and I3) in the electrolyte is realized by utilizing the unique layered structure and the characteristic that the surface of the multi-metal hydroxide material is positively charged, so that the iodine-loaded positive electrode material is successfully prepared. The physical confinement and strong electrostatic interaction of the material can effectively anchor an iodine active substance, inhibit the dissolution and shuttle effect of polyiodide ions, and significantly reduce the loss of the active substance in the cycle process. Meanwhile, bromide ions or chloride ions are introduced into the electrolyte to anchor I < + >, so that a four-electron transfer reaction mechanism of iodine is realized, and the specific capacity of the battery is greatly improved. Experimental results show that the capacity retention rate of the zinc-iodine battery adopting the positive electrode material reaches 88% or above after circulation for 30000 times under the current density of 10 Ag <-1 >, and the zinc-iodine battery shows excellent high-capacity performance and long circulation stability. The invention provides a new technical scheme for developing a high-performance aqueous zinc-iodine battery, and has a wide application prospect in the field of energy storage.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical catalysts, and specifically relates to a porous carbon nanotube-supported high entropy alloy and its preparation method and application. The porous carbon nanotube-supported high entropy alloy is a porous nanoflower network structure; the nanosheet structure formed by iron, aluminum, nickel, cobalt and manganese elements is evenly distributed on the surface of the multi-walled carbon nanotube; and the average pore size of the porous carbon nanotube-supported high entropy alloy is 10nm-11nm, and the average pore volume is 0.25cm 3 / g‑0.3cm 3 / g, specific surface area is 50m 2 / g‑54m 2 / g, the effective surface area of ​​the double layer capacitor is 6.2mF / cm 2 ‑6.5mF / cm 2 , the Tafel slope is 46mV / dec‑47mV / dec. Compared with existing catalysts and high entropy alloys, it has a smaller Tafel slope, stronger OER activity, a larger double-layer capacitor effective surface area, and a faster electron transfer reaction rate, that is, it has stronger electrocatalytic performance.

The present application provides a reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment which is easily changed to a colored state from a colorless state by heating at a temperature in a living environment temperature range or a temperature close to a daily life temperature, and is sensitively recovered to the colorless state again. The reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment of the present application is formed by enclosing a reversible thermochromic composition in a microcapsule, the reversible thermochromic composition comprising (A) an electron-donating colored organic compound, (B) a 4-hydroxybenzoic acid ester compound represented by the following general formula (1) as an electron-accepting compound (in the formula, R represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 12 to 22 carbon atoms), (C) a chain hydrocarbon compound or the like as a reaction medium in which reversible electron transfer reactions based on the above (A) and (B) occur, (D) a linear dibasic acid compound having 3 to 22 carbon atoms, and (E) an aromatic hydrocarbon compound or the like having a melting point of 50°C or higher.

The present invention provides a reversible thermochromic composition which exhibits black color upon coloration and colorless color upon discoloration, and has excellent light resistance, by using a fluoran derivative having a specific structure as an electron-donating chromogenic organic compound, and a reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment containing the reversible thermochromic composition. The means for solving the problem is a reversible thermochromic composition comprising: (a) a fluoran derivative having a specific structure as an electron-donating chromogenic organic compound, (b) a compound having a specific structure as an electron-accepting compound, and (c) a reaction medium which allows the electron transfer reaction between the (a) component and the (b) component to occur reversibly in a specific temperature range, and a reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment containing the reversible thermochromic composition.

An amine-bromine two electron electrolyte of flow battery and the use thereof, and a flow battery are provided. In the electrolyte, an amino compound with an electron-withdrawing group at the ortho-position of an amino group is used to react with bromine charged to a positive valence so as to form an amine-bromine compound, such that positive-valence bromine is stabilized, and a reversible two-electron transfer reaction from bromine ions to amino compounds is achieved. The amine compounds have different solubilities and produce different voltages depending on their substituent groups, and thus have extensive adjustability and applicability for use in acidic, neutral, and weak alkaline flow battery systems. Flow batteries assembled with the electrolyte prepared using this reaction has the advantages of low cost and high energy density, and can achieve a longer cycle life and higher battery efficiency.

The invention discloses a preparation method of CH3COO (BiO) and application of the CH3COO (BiO) in production of formic acid through reduction of CO2 under electro-catalysis. Wherein Bi < 3 + > is beneficial to activation of CO2, meanwhile, Bi0 promotes adsorption of HCO3 <-> and a proton coupling electron transfer reaction, and the Bi < 3 + > and the Bi0 jointly improve the catalytic activity of the catalyst ECO2RR. In addition, CH3COO (BiO) is of a layered structure, agglomeration of metal Bi in the electrolysis process can be avoided, the metal Bi has higher stability, and catalysis can be continuously carried out.

The present invention discloses a high-performance solar thermal storage material and a preparation method thereof. Through an electron activation mechanism, liquid metal is coupled with an active biomass sugar alcohol to obtain a binary coupling product with high heat storage capacity; through an electron transfer reaction, the above-mentioned binary coupling product is combined with a selenide semiconductor, and electrons are injected into the selenide semiconductor to obtain a ternary composite material with high heat storage capacity and high photothermal conversion capacity; through an interface adaptive conformation regulation mechanism, the above-mentioned ternary composite material is compounded with plasma carbon fiber to obtain a quaternary composite material with high heat storage capacity, high photothermal conversion capacity and high thermal conductivity. The present invention uses biomass sugar alcohol as the heat storage main body, liquid metal as the solid electron supply component, selenide semiconductor as the photothermal conversion component, and plasma carbon fiber as the heat conducting component. The prepared solar thermal storage material has the advantages of high heat storage capacity, high photothermal conversion capacity and high thermal conductivity.

Provided are: a reversible thermochromic composition which takes on highly fluorescent red or pink color at the time of color development; and a reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment containing the same.　Provided is a reversible thermochromic composition which comprises at least: (a) a fluoran derivative which serves as an electron-donating coloring organic compound and has a specific structure; (b) an electron-accepting compound; and (c) a reaction medium that reversibly causes an electron transfer reaction by means of component (a) and component (b) in a specific temperature range. Also provided is a reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment which contains the reversible thermochromic composition.

The present invention relates to an Fe—S fusion protein acting as an electron transport chain, a novel carbon monoxide:formate oxidoreductase (CFOR) including the Fe—S fusion protein, novel Thermococcus strain BCF12 transformed with CFOR, and the use thereof. According to the present invention, two different enzymes may be physically linked directly to each other through the Fe—S fusion protein of the present invention, and thus electrons generated from any one enzyme may be transported directly to another enzyme through the Fe—S cluster of the Fe—S fusion protein. Accordingly, a reaction that produces a target substance with high efficiency by directly supplying electrons necessary for the production of the target substance is possible without leakage of electrons generated in any one enzyme. In addition, the present invention has an advantage in that the overall enzyme reaction rate and yield can be dramatically improved using a new electron transport reaction. Furthermore, it is possible to ensure the stability of each enzyme by allowing the enzymes to exist in a physically fixed state in cells.

The invention relates to the technical field of preparation methods of electro-catalytic materials, in particular to a preparation method and application of a nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube loaded copper monatomic catalyst, copper is anchored on a carbon nanotube through oil bath, and the obtained catalyst has excellent performance of reducing CO2 to prepare CH4. The research reveals a synergistic promotion mechanism of a monatomic Cu-N site limited by the carbon nano tube and a microenvironment thereof on a CH4 path, and provides a new strategy for efficient and stable CO2 reduction of a monatomic catalyst. The problems that an existing copper-based catalyst is low in selectivity, insufficient in current density and difficult to achieve a multi-electron transfer reaction path in the process of preparing methane through electro-catalysis and reduction of carbon dioxide are solved.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing: a reversibly thermochromic composition which has excellent contrast between a color-developing state and a color-decoloring state and also has excellent light resistance; and a reversibly thermochromic microcapsule pigment which contains the reversibly thermochromic composition. The solution is a reversible thermochromic composition and a reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment containing the reversible thermochromic composition. The reversible thermochromic composition comprises: (a) an electron-donating color-developing organic compound; (b) a combination of compounds having a specific structure as an electron-accepting compound; and (c) a reaction medium that reversibly causes an electron transfer reaction between the component (a) and the component (b) to occur in a specific temperature range.

The invention discloses a method for regenerating a waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material by using a catechol aqueous solution. According to the method, a lithium iron phosphate material without lithium is dispersed in an aqueous solution containing catechol, the catechol can be subjected to oxidative conversion under the condition of the aqueous solution and can generate coordination or complexation with iron active sites on the surface of the material, electron transfer reaction on the surface of the material is facilitated, and the embedding process of lithium ions on a solid-liquid interface is promoted. In the reaction system, catechol and an oxidation product thereof participate in an electron supply process, and the valence state of a FePO4 phase in the material is converted, so that the conversion from Fe < 3 + > to Fe < 2 + > is realized, and lithium ions are supplemented and embedded into a crystal structure along with the conversion from Fe < 3 + > to Fe < 2 + >. Under a preferable condition, the method disclosed by the invention can realize lithium supplementation of the waste lithium iron phosphate in a relatively short time. The method is mild in process and low in energy consumption, does not need an organic solvent and strong corrosive acid-base, can improve the lithium content of the lithium-lost material and improve the electrochemical performance of the lithium-lost material, and is suitable for green regeneration treatment of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material of the retired power battery.

The application discloses a eutectic electrolyte based on ionic liquid and application thereof in a water-based zinc-iodine battery, and belongs to the technical field of eutectic electrolytes. First, a sulfonic acid pyrrolidone copolymer is prepared by radical polymerization with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone as monomers, then a stable eutectic liquid phase system is constructed by regulating the amount of deionized water with zinc sulfate heptahydrate as a zinc salt and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride as a core functional component, and then the sulfonic acid pyrrolidone copolymer is introduced to prepare the eutectic electrolyte based on ionic liquid. When the electrolyte is used for assembling the water-based zinc-iodine battery, the iodine-based four-electron transfer reaction can be stably realized, the migration of iodide and the disorderly growth of zinc dendrites are effectively inhibited, and the water-based zinc-iodine battery has long-term cycle stability.

The invention relates to a carbendazim electrochemical sensor and a preparation method and application thereof, a working electrode provided by the invention comprises a conductive substrate and an activation layer, the conductive substrate comprises a glassy carbon electrode; the activation layer is arranged on the surface of the conductive substrate; the activation layer is formed by drying after being coated with a dispersion liquid, and the dispersion liquid comprises three-dimensional graphene doped with heteroatoms; and the loading capacity of the activation layer on the surface of the conductive substrate is (0.1-0.8) mg / cm < 2 >. According to the working electrode prepared by the invention, the activation layer is formed by dispensing and drying the three-dimensional graphene dispersion liquid, carbendazim molecules can be selectively adsorbed on the surface of the activation layer doped with the three-dimensional graphene, and rapid electron transfer reaction can be carried out, so that interface charge transfer is accelerated. Therefore, the carbendazim electrochemical sensor prepared by using the working electrode provided by the invention is high in speed, high in sensitivity, wide in detection range, convenient to carry and easy to realize outdoor field detection.

To provide a reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment.SOLUTION: The reversible thermochromic composition comprises (A) an electron-donating color-developing organic compound, (B) a compound represented by formula (1) or (2) as an electron-accepting compound, and (C) a reaction medium which reversibly causes an electron transfer reaction between the components (A) and (B) in a specific temperature range.SELECTED DRAWING: None

The invention provides an electrolyte of a lithium manganese dioxide battery and a preparation method, the electrolyte contains a first stock solution and a second stock solution in a volume ratio of 1: (200-1000), the first stock solution contains 3-5M of divalent manganese salt, the second stock solution contains potassium salt and lithium salt in a molar ratio of (1-9): 1, and the concentration of the potassium salt in the second stock solution is 1-3M. According to the present invention, the slightly acidic environment is constructed, the K < + > with the large ion radius and the Mn < 2 + > with the catalysis effect are introduced, such that the Mn < 4 + > in the manganese dioxide is subjected to the new conversion reaction, and the specific capacity of the lithium manganese dioxide battery is improved through the Mn < 4 + >-Mn < 2 + > double-electron transfer reaction mechanism;

The invention discloses a neutral zinc-iodine flow battery electrolyte composition based on two-electron reaction and application thereof, and belongs to the field of flow batteries. Zinc salt, iodized salt, acetate, a specific amine compound and a supporting electrolyte are adopted as main active components of the electrolyte. According to the amine compound used in the electrolyte, an active substance iodine on the positive electrode side of the battery can be subjected to a two-electron transfer reaction, so that a reversible oxidation-reduction reaction from-1 valence iodine to + 1 valence iodine is realized. Compared with the original irreversible multi-electron transfer reaction, the two-electron transfer reaction has higher reversibility, two reversible charging and discharging platforms can exist, the energy efficiency of the battery can be remarkably improved, and the application of the zinc-iodine flow battery based on the multi-electron transfer reaction is facilitated.

The invention belongs to the technical field of aqueous batteries, and particularly relates to an acidic aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte and a battery. The acidic aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte comprises zinc ions, acid radical ions and 4-nitrophenylethylamine hydrobromide. According to the acidic aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte, 4-nitrophenylethylamine hydrobromide is used as a cathode active material, and a nitro group of the 4-nitrophenylethylamine hydrobromide is used as an electron accepting center, so that a multi-electron transfer reaction is promoted; the protonated ethylamine partially improves the water solubility, and inhibits molecular aggregation and stabilizes the reduction state (-NHOH) through electrostatic repulsion. Experimental results show that under different hydrochloric acid concentrations (0.3 M to 1M), the coulombic efficiency of the battery under the current density of 20mA / cm < 2 > is maintained at 100%, and the voltage efficiency is improved along with the increase of the hydrochloric acid concentration.

The present invention discloses the synthesis and application of a catalyst for the selective oligomerization of ethylene, and relates to the synthesis and application of a catalyst for ethylene tetramerization, which is composed of a transition metal compound, a ligand compound and an alkylaluminum cocatalyst. When the ethylene oligomerization catalyst system using the silicon-nitrogen-boron compound claimed in the present invention as a ligand catalyzes the ethylene oligomerization reaction, it has strong coordination ability, can form a relatively stable complex with the transition metal; the electrons on the nitrogen atom are fed back to the boron atom center, and the ligand is not prone to electron transfer reactions, the catalyst has high activity, high selectivity for 1-octene, and fewer side reactions; various substituents can be conveniently modified on the silicon atom; it has a novel structure, is easy to prepare, and has good solubility.

The invention relates to a high-capacity sodium manganese pyrophosphate positive electrode material capable of regulating and controlling the content of P2O7 and a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation method comprises the steps that sodium acetate trihydrate, manganese acetate tetrahydrate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate are added into deionized water, citric acid monohydrate is added, the mixture is stirred to be uniform, a precursor solution is obtained, spray drying is conducted, and a sodium manganese pyrophosphate precursor material capable of regulating and controlling the content of P2O7 is obtained; and placing the precursor material in an alumina crucible, placing the alumina crucible in a box-type furnace or a tube furnace, and carrying out heat treatment in an argon atmosphere to obtain the sodium manganese pyrophosphate material for regulating and controlling the content of P2O7. The preparation method has the advantages that the electronic structure of the material is changed by regulating and controlling the content of P2O7 polyanion groups and reducing the content of the P2O7 groups in the sodium manganese pyrophosphate structure, the thermodynamic induction effect is reduced, the oxidation-reduction potential is reduced, the multi-electron transfer reaction is promoted, and the high specific capacity is realized.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing: a reversibly thermochromic composition which has excellent contrast between a color-developing state and a color-decoloring state and also has excellent light resistance; and a reversibly thermochromic microcapsule pigment which contains the reversibly thermochromic composition. The solution is a reversible thermochromic composition and a reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment containing the reversible thermochromic composition. The reversible thermochromic composition comprises: (a) an electron-donating color-developing organic compound; (b) a combination of compounds having a specific structure as an electron-accepting compound; and (c) a reaction medium that reversibly causes an electron transfer reaction between the component (a) and the component (b) to occur in a specific temperature range.

The invention discloses an oxyhalide positive electrode material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The chemical formula of the oxyhalide positive electrode material is Li2xMO2xCly, wherein 0.2 < = x < = 2, 2 < = y < = 6; m is selected from at least one of Mn, Co, Fe, Ni, Cr and V. The solid-state lithium battery positive electrode material with relatively high room-temperature conductivity can be prepared through simple mechanical ball-milling synthesis, the crystal structure and the defect ratio can be adjusted by adjusting the type of the metal chloride and the ratio of the metal chloride to lithium peroxide, so that the ionic conductivity is improved, the electrochemical performance of the battery is improved, and the preparation method is suitable for industrial production on the basis of an embedded-converted reaction mechanism. The multi-electron transfer reaction can be realized, the specific capacity of the positive electrode material of the all-solid-state lithium battery is improved, the supporting electrolyte in the positive electrode is removed, the ratio of active substances in the composite positive electrode is increased, a three-phase interface in the positive electrode is converted into a two-phase interface, and the problem of non-uniform construction of a multi-phase interface is greatly relieved.

A highly marketable reversibly thermochromic composition that provides a black color during color development by using a fluoran derivative having a specific structure as an electron-donating color-developing organic compound, turns colorless during decoloration, and is excellent in contrast between a colored state and a decolored state and a microcapsule pigment encapsulating the same. A reversibly thermochromic composition including: (a) a fluoran derivative having a specific structure as an electron-donating color-developing organic compound; (b) an electron-accepting compound; and (c) a reaction medium which reversibly induces an electron transfer reaction between the component (a) and the component (b) in a specific temperature range, and a reversibly thermochromic microcapsule pigment encapsulating the same.

The object of the present invention is to provide a reversible thermochromic composition having excellent contrast between a color-developing state and a color-decolorizing state and excellent light resistance, and a reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment containing the reversible thermochromic composition. The solution is the following reversible thermochromic composition and a reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment containing the reversible thermochromic composition, wherein the reversible thermochromic composition comprises: (a) an electron-donating color-developing organic compound; (b) a combination of compounds having a specific structure as electron-accepting compounds; and (c) a reaction medium that causes an electron transfer reaction between components (a) and (b) to reversibly occur in a specific temperature range.

A highly marketable reversibly thermochromic composition that provides a black color during color development by using a fluoran derivative having a specific structure as an electron-donating color-developing organic compound, turns colorless during decoloration, and is excellent in contrast between a colored state and a decolored state and a microcapsule pigment encapsulating the same. A reversibly thermochromic composition including: (a) a fluoran derivative having a specific structure as an electron-donating color-developing organic compound; (b) an electron-accepting compound; and (c) a reaction medium which reversibly induces an electron transfer reaction between the component (a) and the component (b) in a specific temperature range, and a reversibly thermochromic microcapsule pigment encapsulating the same.

The invention discloses a trimethylene pyrazine-based porous material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The trimethylene pyrazine-based porous material is a polymer containing a trimethylene pyrazine structural unit. The existence of C-C bonds in the polymer endows the material with high chemical stability, and when the material is applied to a super capacitor, long circulation stability in strong acid or strong alkaline electrolyte can be realized. Besides, the skeleton of the triphenylene pyrazine-based porous material contains a large number of redox active sites, so that when the triphenylene pyrazine-based porous material is applied to a supercapacitor, a proton-coupled electron transfer reaction can be carried out under an acidic condition, and high specific capacitance is shown. According to the preparation method of the trimethylene pyrazine-based porous material, the trimethylene pyrazine monomers are adopted as raw materials, trimethylene pyrazine macromolecules are formed through high-temperature thermal polymerization, a solvent and a catalyst do not need to be used in the polymerization process, meanwhile, the synthesis cost of the material is low, the synthesis steps are simple, and large-scale preparation can be achieved easily.

The invention discloses a high-performance solar heat storage material and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the steps that liquid metal and active biomass sugar alcohol are coupled through an electronic activation mechanism, and a binary coupling product with the high heat storage capacity is obtained; combining the binary coupling product with a selenide semiconductor through an electron transfer reaction, and injecting electrons into the selenide semiconductor to obtain a ternary composite material with high heat storage capacity and high photo-thermal conversion capacity; the ternary composite material is compounded with plasma carbon fibers through an interface self-adaptive conformation regulation and control mechanism, and the quaternary composite material with high heat storage capacity, high photo-thermal conversion capacity and high heat conductivity is obtained. The biomass sugar alcohol is used as a heat storage main body, the liquid metal is used as a solid electron supply component, the selenide semiconductor is used as a photo-thermal conversion component, and the plasma carbon fiber is used as a heat conduction component, so that the prepared solar heat storage material has the advantages of high heat storage capacity, high photo-thermal conversion capacity, high heat conductivity and the like.