22 results about "Electron transfer reactions" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of zinc battery electrolyte, and discloses application of pyridine hydrochloride as an electrolyte additive in stabilizing a zinc negative electrode and realizing four-electron transfer of a zinc-iodine secondary battery. The hydrochloride containing the pyridine structure is used as an electrolyte additive, molecules of the pyridine structure are adsorbed on the surface of the zinc negative electrode to form a shielding layer, the deposition / stripping reversibility of the zinc negative electrode is improved, stabilization of the zinc negative electrode can be achieved, and the problems of zinc dendritic crystal, corrosion and hydrogen evolution are solved. Meanwhile, molecules with pyridine structures can activate and stabilize I- / I0 / I < + > four-electron redox reaction, inhibit I < + > hydrolysis side reaction and improve the energy density and cycling stability of the zinc-iodine battery. The problem of poor electrochemical deposition / stripping reversibility of a zinc negative electrode and the problem of poor stability of positive valence I < + > species of an iodine positive electrode of a four-electron transfer reaction are solved. The electrolyte containing the additive is low in cost, simple in method, easy to produce and high in practical value.

The present application provides a reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment which is easily changed to a colored state from a colorless state by heating at a temperature in a living environment temperature range or a temperature close to a daily life temperature, and is sensitively recovered to the colorless state again. The reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment of the present application is formed by enclosing a reversible thermochromic composition in a microcapsule, the reversible thermochromic composition comprising (A) an electron-donating colored organic compound, (B) a 4-hydroxybenzoic acid ester compound represented by the following general formula (1) as an electron-accepting compound (in the formula, R represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 12 to 22 carbon atoms), (C) a chain hydrocarbon compound or the like as a reaction medium in which reversible electron transfer reactions based on the above (A) and (B) occur, (D) a linear dibasic acid compound having 3 to 22 carbon atoms, and (E) an aromatic hydrocarbon compound or the like having a melting point of 50°C or higher.

The present invention provides a reversible thermochromic composition which exhibits black color upon coloration and colorless color upon discoloration, and has excellent light resistance, by using a fluoran derivative having a specific structure as an electron-donating chromogenic organic compound, and a reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment containing the reversible thermochromic composition. The means for solving the problem is a reversible thermochromic composition comprising: (a) a fluoran derivative having a specific structure as an electron-donating chromogenic organic compound, (b) a compound having a specific structure as an electron-accepting compound, and (c) a reaction medium which allows the electron transfer reaction between the (a) component and the (b) component to occur reversibly in a specific temperature range, and a reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment containing the reversible thermochromic composition.

The present invention discloses a high-performance solar thermal storage material and a preparation method thereof. Through an electron activation mechanism, liquid metal is coupled with an active biomass sugar alcohol to obtain a binary coupling product with high heat storage capacity; through an electron transfer reaction, the above-mentioned binary coupling product is combined with a selenide semiconductor, and electrons are injected into the selenide semiconductor to obtain a ternary composite material with high heat storage capacity and high photothermal conversion capacity; through an interface adaptive conformation regulation mechanism, the above-mentioned ternary composite material is compounded with plasma carbon fiber to obtain a quaternary composite material with high heat storage capacity, high photothermal conversion capacity and high thermal conductivity. The present invention uses biomass sugar alcohol as the heat storage main body, liquid metal as the solid electron supply component, selenide semiconductor as the photothermal conversion component, and plasma carbon fiber as the heat conducting component. The prepared solar thermal storage material has the advantages of high heat storage capacity, high photothermal conversion capacity and high thermal conductivity.

Provided are: a reversible thermochromic composition which takes on highly fluorescent red or pink color at the time of color development; and a reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment containing the same.　Provided is a reversible thermochromic composition which comprises at least: (a) a fluoran derivative which serves as an electron-donating coloring organic compound and has a specific structure; (b) an electron-accepting compound; and (c) a reaction medium that reversibly causes an electron transfer reaction by means of component (a) and component (b) in a specific temperature range. Also provided is a reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment which contains the reversible thermochromic composition.

The invention relates to the technical field of preparation methods of electro-catalytic materials, in particular to a preparation method and application of a nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube loaded copper monatomic catalyst, copper is anchored on a carbon nanotube through oil bath, and the obtained catalyst has excellent performance of reducing CO2 to prepare CH4. The research reveals a synergistic promotion mechanism of a monatomic Cu-N site limited by the carbon nano tube and a microenvironment thereof on a CH4 path, and provides a new strategy for efficient and stable CO2 reduction of a monatomic catalyst. The problems that an existing copper-based catalyst is low in selectivity, insufficient in current density and difficult to achieve a multi-electron transfer reaction path in the process of preparing methane through electro-catalysis and reduction of carbon dioxide are solved.

The invention discloses a method for regenerating a waste lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material by using a catechol aqueous solution. According to the method, a lithium iron phosphate material without lithium is dispersed in an aqueous solution containing catechol, the catechol can be subjected to oxidative conversion under the condition of the aqueous solution and can generate coordination or complexation with iron active sites on the surface of the material, electron transfer reaction on the surface of the material is facilitated, and the embedding process of lithium ions on a solid-liquid interface is promoted. In the reaction system, catechol and an oxidation product thereof participate in an electron supply process, and the valence state of a FePO4 phase in the material is converted, so that the conversion from Fe < 3 + > to Fe < 2 + > is realized, and lithium ions are supplemented and embedded into a crystal structure along with the conversion from Fe < 3 + > to Fe < 2 + >. Under a preferable condition, the method disclosed by the invention can realize lithium supplementation of the waste lithium iron phosphate in a relatively short time. The method is mild in process and low in energy consumption, does not need an organic solvent and strong corrosive acid-base, can improve the lithium content of the lithium-lost material and improve the electrochemical performance of the lithium-lost material, and is suitable for green regeneration treatment of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material of the retired power battery.

The application discloses a eutectic electrolyte based on ionic liquid and application thereof in a water-based zinc-iodine battery, and belongs to the technical field of eutectic electrolytes. First, a sulfonic acid pyrrolidone copolymer is prepared by radical polymerization with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and N-vinylpyrrolidone as monomers, then a stable eutectic liquid phase system is constructed by regulating the amount of deionized water with zinc sulfate heptahydrate as a zinc salt and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride as a core functional component, and then the sulfonic acid pyrrolidone copolymer is introduced to prepare the eutectic electrolyte based on ionic liquid. When the electrolyte is used for assembling the water-based zinc-iodine battery, the iodine-based four-electron transfer reaction can be stably realized, the migration of iodide and the disorderly growth of zinc dendrites are effectively inhibited, and the water-based zinc-iodine battery has long-term cycle stability.

The invention relates to a carbendazim electrochemical sensor and a preparation method and application thereof, a working electrode provided by the invention comprises a conductive substrate and an activation layer, the conductive substrate comprises a glassy carbon electrode; the activation layer is arranged on the surface of the conductive substrate; the activation layer is formed by drying after being coated with a dispersion liquid, and the dispersion liquid comprises three-dimensional graphene doped with heteroatoms; and the loading capacity of the activation layer on the surface of the conductive substrate is (0.1-0.8) mg / cm < 2 >. According to the working electrode prepared by the invention, the activation layer is formed by dispensing and drying the three-dimensional graphene dispersion liquid, carbendazim molecules can be selectively adsorbed on the surface of the activation layer doped with the three-dimensional graphene, and rapid electron transfer reaction can be carried out, so that interface charge transfer is accelerated. Therefore, the carbendazim electrochemical sensor prepared by using the working electrode provided by the invention is high in speed, high in sensitivity, wide in detection range, convenient to carry and easy to realize outdoor field detection.

To provide a reversible thermochromic microcapsule pigment.SOLUTION: The reversible thermochromic composition comprises (A) an electron-donating color-developing organic compound, (B) a compound represented by formula (1) or (2) as an electron-accepting compound, and (C) a reaction medium which reversibly causes an electron transfer reaction between the components (A) and (B) in a specific temperature range.SELECTED DRAWING: None

The invention provides an electrolyte of a lithium manganese dioxide battery and a preparation method, the electrolyte contains a first stock solution and a second stock solution in a volume ratio of 1: (200-1000), the first stock solution contains 3-5M of divalent manganese salt, the second stock solution contains potassium salt and lithium salt in a molar ratio of (1-9): 1, and the concentration of the potassium salt in the second stock solution is 1-3M. According to the present invention, the slightly acidic environment is constructed, the K < + > with the large ion radius and the Mn < 2 + > with the catalysis effect are introduced, such that the Mn < 4 + > in the manganese dioxide is subjected to the new conversion reaction, and the specific capacity of the lithium manganese dioxide battery is improved through the Mn < 4 + >-Mn < 2 + > double-electron transfer reaction mechanism;

The invention discloses a neutral zinc-iodine flow battery electrolyte composition based on two-electron reaction and application thereof, and belongs to the field of flow batteries. Zinc salt, iodized salt, acetate, a specific amine compound and a supporting electrolyte are adopted as main active components of the electrolyte. According to the amine compound used in the electrolyte, an active substance iodine on the positive electrode side of the battery can be subjected to a two-electron transfer reaction, so that a reversible oxidation-reduction reaction from-1 valence iodine to + 1 valence iodine is realized. Compared with the original irreversible multi-electron transfer reaction, the two-electron transfer reaction has higher reversibility, two reversible charging and discharging platforms can exist, the energy efficiency of the battery can be remarkably improved, and the application of the zinc-iodine flow battery based on the multi-electron transfer reaction is facilitated.

The invention belongs to the technical field of aqueous batteries, and particularly relates to an acidic aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte and a battery. The acidic aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte comprises zinc ions, acid radical ions and 4-nitrophenylethylamine hydrobromide. According to the acidic aqueous zinc ion battery electrolyte, 4-nitrophenylethylamine hydrobromide is used as a cathode active material, and a nitro group of the 4-nitrophenylethylamine hydrobromide is used as an electron accepting center, so that a multi-electron transfer reaction is promoted; the protonated ethylamine partially improves the water solubility, and inhibits molecular aggregation and stabilizes the reduction state (-NHOH) through electrostatic repulsion. Experimental results show that under different hydrochloric acid concentrations (0.3 M to 1M), the coulombic efficiency of the battery under the current density of 20mA / cm < 2 > is maintained at 100%, and the voltage efficiency is improved along with the increase of the hydrochloric acid concentration.

A highly marketable reversibly thermochromic composition that provides a black color during color development by using a fluoran derivative having a specific structure as an electron-donating color-developing organic compound, turns colorless during decoloration, and is excellent in contrast between a colored state and a decolored state and a microcapsule pigment encapsulating the same. A reversibly thermochromic composition including: (a) a fluoran derivative having a specific structure as an electron-donating color-developing organic compound; (b) an electron-accepting compound; and (c) a reaction medium which reversibly induces an electron transfer reaction between the component (a) and the component (b) in a specific temperature range, and a reversibly thermochromic microcapsule pigment encapsulating the same.

A highly marketable reversibly thermochromic composition that provides a black color during color development by using a fluoran derivative having a specific structure as an electron-donating color-developing organic compound, turns colorless during decoloration, and is excellent in contrast between a colored state and a decolored state and a microcapsule pigment encapsulating the same. A reversibly thermochromic composition including: (a) a fluoran derivative having a specific structure as an electron-donating color-developing organic compound; (b) an electron-accepting compound; and (c) a reaction medium which reversibly induces an electron transfer reaction between the component (a) and the component (b) in a specific temperature range, and a reversibly thermochromic microcapsule pigment encapsulating the same.

The utility model discloses a fruit and vegetable disinfection machine, and particularly relates to the field of fruit and vegetable disinfection, the fruit and vegetable disinfection machine comprises a charging bin, the rear end of the charging bin is fixedly provided with a hanger, and the outer surface of the top end of the charging bin is provided with two placing grooves; the first fruit and vegetable disinfection machine and the second fruit and vegetable disinfection machine are placed in the placing groove, and the first fruit and vegetable disinfection machine and the second fruit and vegetable disinfection machine are the same in structure; through electrolysis and water molecule splitting, hydroxyl free radicals (-OH) are temporarily formed in water, organic macromolecular pollutants such as pesticides, antibiotics, hormones, pigments and the like are subjected to dehydrogenation, electrophilic addition and electron transfer reactions under the action of the hydroxyl free radicals until the organic macromolecular pollutants are thoroughly decomposed into water, carbon dioxide and inorganic salt harmless to a human body, then the organic macromolecular pollutants are cleaned with clean water, and the organic macromolecular pollutants are dried. Therefore, the purpose of sterilization and disinfection can be achieved, and the cleaning effect on fruits and vegetables is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemical detection, and particularly relates to a voltammetry for determining the total acid content based on p-benzoquinone electrochemical reduction. In the proton coupling electron transfer reaction, the mixed acid can generate a wide new peak or a plurality of new peaks in a voltammogram when being used as a proton donor for electrochemical reduction of p-benzoquinone, the peak area and the peak current of the new peak are both related to the total acid concentration of the mixed acid, and the peak area is more suitable for accurately detecting the total acid content. A three-electrode system is adopted, a standard curve and a linear regression equation of the concentration of a mixed acid standard solution and the peak area of a new peak are established through differential pulse voltammetry, the total acid content of a sample (sports beverage) is measured by measuring the peak area of the new peak caused by a to-be-measured sample (sports beverage) solution, and the result is consistent with that of an acid-base titration method. The method does not need complex sample pretreatment, and has the advantages of simplicity in operation, high analysis speed, low cost, high accuracy and the like.

The application discloses a zinc-selenium battery based on electrolyte-cathode-diaphragm synergistic regulation and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of zinc ion battery materials. The zinc-selenium battery comprises a zinc negative electrode, a selenium-loaded graphene aerogel cathode, an oxidized graphene modified diaphragm and an ionic liquid electrolyte. The ionic liquid electrolyte is prepared by Lewis acid-base reaction of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazole chloride salt and zinc chloride; the cathode is prepared by loading selenium on graphene aerogel formed by reduction, freeze-drying and calcination of oxidized graphene; and the diaphragm is prepared by suction filtration of an oxidized graphene layer on the surface of a glass fiber diaphragm, and the coated surface faces the cathode. The application eliminates water molecules by using the ionic liquid electrolyte to broaden the electrochemical window and inhibit the zinc negative electrode side reaction, improves the conductivity by using the graphene aerogel cathode to activate the six-electron transfer reaction, and inhibits the shuttle effect by using the oxidized graphene modified diaphragm to adsorb polyselenides. The battery has an initial capacity of 752 mAh g ‑1 at a current density of 1 A g ‑1 , and still maintains a capacity of 534 mAh g ‑1 after 228 cycles, with a capacity retention rate of 71%. The application has a simple preparation process, low cost, excellent electrochemical performance and good application prospect.

The application discloses an amine bromine two-electron flow battery electrolyte and application and a flow battery, and belongs to the flow battery field. The amino compound with an electron-withdrawing group at the ortho position is used in the electrolyte, and reacts with the bromine charged to the positive valence to form an amine bromine compound, thereby stabilizing the positive valence bromine, and realizing the reversible two-electron transfer reaction of the bromine ion to the amino compound. The amine compound has different solubilities and generates different voltages according to the difference of the substituents, and thus has wide adjustability and applicability, and can be used in an acidic, neutral and weak alkaline flow battery system. The flow battery assembled by using the electrolyte prepared by the reaction has the advantages of low cost and high energy density, and can obtain a long cycle life and high battery efficiency.

The invention provides a mixed flow battery and application thereof in carbon dioxide capture, a compound with PCET reaction activity is subjected to proton coupling electron transfer reaction to absorb and release protons in electrochemical reduction and oxidation processes, so that the pH value in an aqueous solution is respectively increased and reduced, and reversible pH swing change can be realized; in addition, the novel PCET reaction active compound provided by the invention has high designability and redox potential adjustability, and is expected to realize the development of energy storage active substances with ideal redox potential, high capacity, long service life and low cost. Besides, a compound with novel PCET reaction activity is made into a solid-state negative electrode and then prepared into a mixed flow battery, carbon dioxide can be captured, carbon in flue gas and low-concentration carbon in air are successfully captured, the functions of electric energy storage and carbon dioxide capturing are achieved, the power grid pressure is relieved to a certain extent, and the service life of the battery is prolonged. Peak clipping and valley filling are promoted, and carbon dioxide capture can be carried out at the same time.

The application discloses a kind of high conductivity polybenzodifuran dione and cyclic voltammetry preparation method thereof, belong to organic conductive polymer material preparation technical field, method includes: benzodifuran dione (BFDO) monomer and supporting electrolyte are dissolved in polar aprotic solvent, obtain electrolyte;With platinum electrode immersed in electrolyte as working electrode and counter electrode, with saturated calomel electrode as reference electrode, constitute three-electrode system;In air atmosphere, cyclic voltammetry scanning is applied to working electrode, carries out electrochemical polymerization reaction, and polybenzodifuran dione (PBFDO) is directly generated on electrode surface;After filtration, washing and drying, high conductivity polybenzodifuran dione film is obtained;The film is n-type conductive polymer, and the conductivity is 2.2~428.3 S / cm.Cyclic voltammetry electrochemical polymerization method is used, and no additional oxidizing agent is needed, and the polymerization process completely depends on the electron transfer reaction on the electrode surface, to realize the direct polymerization of polybenzodifuran dione on electrode.

The invention provides an electrolyte suitable for a high-capacity organic sulfur-based battery, the organic sulfur-based battery and a preparation method of the organic sulfur-based battery, and belongs to the technical field of secondary batteries. The electrolyte comprises a copper salt and an organic solvent, the concentration of the copper salt in the electrolyte is 1-4 mol / L. According to the electrolyte prepared by the invention, the copper salt is dissolved in the organic solvent, so that cations Cu < 2 + > in the electrolyte and elemental sulfur in the positive electrode active material are uniquely reacted to generate Cu2S and promote a four-electron transfer reaction, and the reaction mechanism breaks through the limitation that a sulfur positive electrode in a traditional organic sulfur-based battery only can be subjected to a two-electron transfer reaction; the capacity and the electrochemical performance of the battery are obviously improved; according to the prepared organic sulfur-based battery, by introducing a multi-electron transfer reaction mechanism, the specific capacity of the sulfur positive electrode is remarkably improved in the charging and discharging process.