The invention belongs to the technical field of roller grinding, and particularly discloses a self-driven double-guide-wheel device which comprises a guide wheel transverse feeding device, a guide wheel shaft part device and a guide wheel shaft driving device. The guide wheel transverse sliding plate is movably connected with the guide wheel transverse feeding base through an adjusting assembly with a locking function, the guide wheel transverse sliding plate can slide left and right in the width direction of the guide wheel transverse feeding base and be locked and positioned, the guide wheel shaft device comprises a guide wheel shaft, the front end of the guide wheel shaft is sleeved with double guide wheels, and the double guide wheels are driven by a driving motor to rotate. The driving shaft rotates and drives the double guide wheels to rotate through the guide wheel shaft, arc opening and accurate roller outer circle grinding can be conducted on the same grinding machine in a stepping mode, secondary roller clamping is avoided, the roller coaxiality and the finished product quality are improved, the machining efficiency is high, the finished product quality is good, and adjustment, installation, maintenance and use are convenient.