The present invention provides a real environment-based concrete cracking whole process test apparatus and test method, a main testing machine includes an environmental tank and a concrete specimen containing device arranged in the environmental tank, a specimen is placed in the concrete specimen containing device, a load system is connected with a movable clamp head on the concrete specimen containing device, and simulated real environment is provided in the environmental tank. The method comprises restraining stress, free variables, elastic modulus, deformation separation, and creep and other tests. In the whole process from pouring to hardening of test concrete, under a variety of temperature control conditions, the self temperature stress development process includes adiabatic temperature rise, thermal expansion coefficient, elastic modulus and creep and other parameter development process over time, a real meteorological environment can also be simulated, and temperature stress and cracking mechanism affected by natural factors are simulated. The device can set, according to the needs, different temperature and constraint conditions including thermal isolation, constant temperature, setting of the temperature rise and drop processes, and the like. Through the concrete cracking whole process simulation, concrete crack resistance can be evaluated.