The application provides a prestressed wood structure tension loss evaluation method and device, including the following steps: obtaining key parameters of the prestressed wood structure, and collecting temperature and
relative humidity of a service environment; calculating the
equilibrium moisture content of a wood surface based on the temperature and
relative humidity, using a one-dimensional
moisture diffusion model to combine the
equilibrium moisture content as a time-varying boundary condition, and solving to obtain the internal
moisture content distribution of the wood component; updating the elastic compliance of the wood according to the
moisture content distribution, and combining the change rate of the prestress to calculate the elastic strain of the wood component. The application decomposes the
total strain into four components with clear physical meaning, i.e. elasticity, pure
creep, mechanical hygroscopic
creep and
hysteresis environmental strain, and sets differentiated parameters for the along-grain and across-grain components, and for the first time realizes quantitative analysis of the contribution of each factor in the evaluation, so that the main control mechanism of the prestress loss can be revealed, and direct theoretical basis and decision support for structure optimization design and
preventive maintenance are provided.