The invention relates to a detection kit for the copy number of a fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) gene, and belongs to the molecular biology technical field; the kit is composed of a fluorescent quantitative reaction liquid pre-mixed solution, FGF19 target gene sequence PCR amplification primers and internal reference sequence PCR amplification primers. A detection method includes the steps: a sequence on an exon 2 of the FGF19 gene is taken as a template for designing the detection primers, a set of internal reference sequence amplification primers (MRef) is designed in view of a segment of stable sequence randomly uniformly distributed and appearing more than 40 times in a human genome, a target sequence is amplified by using a fluorescent quantitative PCR method, and resulting data is analyzed with the help of a set of on-line analysis software, so as to determine the copy number of the FGF19 gene in different samples. The detection kit has the advantages of high sensitivity, good specificity, and large dynamic range, and the detection method is simple, convenient and quick, and the detection kit can be applied to quantitative detection of the copy number of the FGF19 gene in various tissues, cells and blood samples.