The invention relates to a cell array calculation system and a communication method thereof. The cell array calculation system comprises a main-control central processing unit (CPU), a cell array and a cell array bus, wherein the cell array is a two-dimensional array comprising more than one cell compatible with functions of calculation and storage, the main-control CPU is in communication with each cell in the cell array through the cell array bus, a communication interface is arranged between adjacent cells and can be used for sending data, cells participating communication among cells comprise a starting cell, a terminal cell and transit cells, the starting cell is the cell for sending data to the terminal cell, the terminal cell is the cell for finally receiving the data sent from the starting cell, the transit cells are cells which are sequentially adjacent to one another along a communication path among the cells and are used for transiting the data sent from the starting cell through the communication interface, and an arbitrary cell also can be taken as the starting cell for group-sending communication to all cells in a target region. By the cell array calculation system, the communication bottleneck existing between the CPU and the memory and storage of a conventional computer framework can be overcome, and the comprehensive performance of the system is improved.