The invention discloses a mine roof and floor water inrush monitoring and prediction system and a mine roof and floor water inrush monitoring and prediction method. The system comprises a ground control room host terminal, an underground site host, a comprehensive cable assembly and a plurality of detection terminals, wherein the underground site host is connected with the ground control room host terminal; the comprehensive cable assembly is connected with the underground site host; the detection terminals are arranged on a roadway wall, a roadway floor or a roadway roof along the mine roadway direction; each detection terminal comprises a controller, a three-dimensional vibration sensor, an electrode and a memory connected with the controller; signal output ends of the three-dimensional vibration sensor and the electrode are connected with a signal input end of the controller; a data communication end of each controller is connected with the underground site host through the comprehensive cable assembly. According to the system and the method, the accuracy and the real-time property of a mine roof and floor water inrush monitoring result can be obviously improved.