The invention provides a method for preparing high-performance Half-Heusler block thermoelectric materials at ultrahigh speed and low cost. The method particularly includes the steps that firstly, according to the general formula ABX of Half-Heusler compounds, powder A, powder B and powder X are weighed at the chemical stoichiometric ratio of 1:1:1, used as raw materials and uniformly mixed, and then an reactant is acquired; secondly, the reactant generates a combustion synthesis reaction, and cooling or quenching is conducted after the reaction is finished; thirdly, a product acquired through the second step is ground into fine powder, then PAS is conducted, and then the high-performance Half-Heusler block thermoelectric materials are acquired. According to the method, by the combination of the combustion synthesis reaction with the PAS process, the high-performance Half-Heusler block thermoelectric materials can be prepared within 15 min, and the method has the advantages that preparation time is short, energy consumption is low, the process is simple, the requirement for equipment is low, repeatability is good, and the method is suitable for large-scale production.