Disclosed is an SCMA (Sparse Code Multiple Access) optimization codebook design method, comprising the following steps: firstly, setting an SCMA codebook parameter; secondly, rotating a QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) constellation an angle anticlockwise to maximize the minimum Euclidean distance between projection constellation points of QPSK on two dimensions; thirdly, performing dimensional and point extension on C to obtain a mother constellation C+, and then rotating the C+ to construct a total constellation map c of df users on a single resource block to maximize the minimum Euclidean distance between the users; fourthly, rotating the total constellation anticlockwise to maximize the minimum product distance of each user on the resource block, and then mapping the mother constellation C+ to an SCMA codebook of multiple users with the use of the optimized rotating angle and in combination with a factor matrix F; and finally, in a Rayleigh fading channel, interweaving Q channels of QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) symbols, obtained by mapping on each resource block, of the users. The SCMA codebook designed by the method has good capability of resisting noise, interference and fading.