The application discloses a direct positioning method and
system based on a single-bit
signal, and the method comprises the following steps: a single-bit model and a space
sparse model of a received
signal are established; a probability density function of a single-bit received
signal in the single-bit model of the received signal is obtained according to a prior distribution of
noise, a prior distribution of
observation data and a Laplace prior distribution; a mean value and a variance expression of a space sparse signal and a maximum
posterior probability density function of a target
radiation source position are obtained; an optimal target function of a
hyperparameter is obtained; the optimal target function of the
hyperparameter is solved to obtain an updating expression of the
hyperparameter; the updating expression of the hyperparameter and the mean value and the variance expression of the space sparse signal are alternately iterated and solved to obtain the mean value and the variance of the space sparse signal, and the space position of the target
radiation source is obtained according to the mean value of the space sparse signal. The application can reduce signal transmission cost and effectively improve the positioning speed and precision of multi-target
radiation sources.