Method and device for treating radioactive wastes

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and device for treating radioactive wastes. The method comprises the following steps of: putting nonradioactive inorganic wastes into a furnace body of a radioactive waste treatment device to form a thermal plasma area above the inorganic wastes by electrode arcing, and heating the putted inorganic wastes to form a molten pool; starting a cooling device to cool down the furnace body to a temperature of 25-150 DEG C so as to make the inorganic wastes attached to the inner wall of the furnace body be solidified to form a shell; putting radioactive wastes into the furnace body to pyrolyze organic elements of the radioactive wastes, and then exhausting the generated gas from the furnace body; and charging inorganic elements of the radioactive wastes into the molten pool to be molten, and discharging the molten inorganic elements out of the furnace body. During the implementation of the method and device disclosed by the invention, the furnace body does not need refractory materials, and the molten body is solidified in an area near the inner wall of the furnace to form the shell, thus the inner wall of the furnace does not directly contact with the molten body, radioactive nuclides are prevented from polluting the inner wall of the furnace, the device can be used for treating various wastes, the service life of the device is long and the amount of residual wastes is small.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the field of nuclear waste treatment, in particular to a radioactive waste treatment method and device. Background technique [0002] Since the development of nuclear military industry in my country in the 1960s, especially in the construction and operation of nuclear power plants in recent years, a large amount of nuclear power will be produced in the process of nuclear fuel cycle, reactor operation, spent fuel treatment, decommissioning of nuclear facilities, and utilization of radioisotopes and other nuclear technologies. radioactive waste. The radioactive waste includes solid combustible waste (wood, paper, plastic and clothing, etc.), organic and inorganic sludge, metal and other non-combustible, non-metallic waste (insulation materials, glass, soil and concrete, etc.) radioactive waste. Radioactive waste treatment is a link in the scientific research and production chain of the nuclear industry. Solving the problems of wa...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Although the device can handle radioactive waste, because the furnace uses a bottom electrode, it will cause a common problem in electric arc furnaces - the bottom electrode is seriously consumed. After the bottom electrode is oxidized and consumed, it cannot be replaced, so the entire furnace weight can only be smashed New furnace

At the same time, because the furnace body of the furnace uses multi-layer refractory materials and insulation materials as the furnace lining, the furnace lining directly contacts the molten body, causing radioactive nuclides to enter the furnace lining material, causing pollution of the furnace lining and expanding the scope of pollution; and the furnace of this type of furnace The body is directly eroded by the radioactive waste melt, especially the strong acid and strong alkaline radioactive waste, so the consumption is fast and the service life is short

After the furnace lining material is eroded by the molten body, the furnace can only be opened to re-line the furnace, which increases the risk of radiation exposure for operators. If the furnace lining is seriously consumed, the entire furnace body is decommissioned and scrapped, resulting in a large amount of secondary waste

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