The invention relates to a radionuclide pollution decontamination agent and a preparation method and an application thereof. The decontaminant comprises the following components by mass percentage: 1.0%-20% of EDTA.Na2, 0.1%-0.4% of carboxymethyl chitosan, 0.05%-0.3% of sodium alginate, 0.5%-2.0% of lidocaine hydrochloride, and balance of pure water or phosphate buffer, wherein a pH value is 6.9-7.0. The preparation method comprises the following steps: EDTA-Na2, carboxymethyl chitosan, sodium alginate and lidocaine hydrochloride are accurately weighed according to the proportion, the EDTA-Na2is heated and dissolved under alkaline conditions, and then the carboxymethyl chitosan and sodium alginate are dissolved, and then the two are mixed and stirred uniformly, a lidocaine hydrochloride solution is added, the pH is adjusted to 6.7-6.9 with HCl, the material is dissolved while stirring, and metering a volume. The decontamination agent has a chelate adsorption function on a plurality ofradionuclides, has no toxic and side effects, and can be used as the low-toxic and high-efficiency radionuclide pollution decontamination agent.