Multi-grade engine oil formulations comprising a bio-derived ester component
一种发动机油、配制剂的技术，应用在添加剂、有机化学、石油工业等方向，能够解决差润滑剂/润滑剂添加剂、昂贵等问题
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[0066] The preparation of the formulations described in the previous sections is typically carried out by mixing the relevant components in ratios which result in formulations with specified properties. In order to further refine or calibrate the properties of a particular formulation, one or more additional additives may be introduced into the formulation.
[0067] In some embodiments, in preparing the diester for the ester component, a mixture of isomers of the diester is used. In such embodiments, isomeric mixtures can be prepared by synthetic routes employing isomeric precursors (eg, Examples 1 and 2, infra). In some or other embodiments, multi-grade engine oil formulations are prepared by mixing respective homologous ester mixtures.
[0068] Economic considerations are often important in the preparation of such above-mentioned multi-grade engine oil formulations. In some embodiments, the overall economics of preparation of such formulations (or components thereof) can b...
Embodiment 1
[0078] This example serves to illustrate the synthesis of diols, and thus diester materials suitable for use as / for the diester component, according to some embodiments of the present invention.
[0079] In a 3-liter 3-neck reaction flask equipped with an overhead stirrer and placed in an ice bath, 260 g of 30% hydrogen peroxide (2.3 mol H 2 o 2 ) was added to 650 g of 88 wt.% formic acid (12.4 mol). To this mixture was slowly added 392 grams (2 mol) of a mixture of tetradecene isomers (i.e. a mixture of: 1-tetradecene, 2-tetradecene, 3-tetradecene, tetradecene, 4-tetradecene, 5-tetradecene, 6-tetradecene and 7-tetradecene) while ensuring that the reaction temperature is kept sufficiently below 45°C. Once the olefin addition was complete, the reaction was stirred while cooling in an ice bath for 2 hours to prevent the temperature from rising above 40-45°C. The ice bath was then removed and the reaction was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was con...
Embodiment 2
[0081] This example is used to illustrate the synthesis of diesters from the diols prepared in Example 1 according to some embodiments of the present invention.
[0082] In a 1-liter 3-necked reaction flask equipped with an overhead stirrer, reflux condenser, and dropping funnel, 440 g (0.95 mol) of tetradecane-diol mixture (prepared as above), 1148 g (5.7 mol) of lauryl acid and 17.5 grams of 85wt.% H 3 PO 4 (0.15 mol) mixed. The resulting mixture was heated to 150°C and stirred for several hours, while the progress of the reaction was monitored by NMR spectroscopy and GC / MS analysis. After stirring for 6 hours, the reaction was complete and the mixture was cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was washed with 1000 mL of water and the organic layer was separated using a separatory funnel. The organic layer was further washed with brine solution (1000 mL saturated sodium chloride solution). The resulting mixture was then distilled at 220°C and 100 mmHg (Torr) t...
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Abstract
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