Methods for reducing ion exchange and reverse salt flux phenomena in membranes for osmotically driven membrane processes
A technology for ion exchange and permeable membranes, applied in the field of reducing ion exchange and reverse salt flow phenomena in membranes used for osmotically driven membrane processes, which can solve problems such as limitations
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Embodiment 2
[0046] In a second embodiment, the film surface may be coated with polyvinyl alcohol ("PVA"). In contrast to the first example, coating the membrane surface with PVA made the membrane surface less negative. Similar to the first example, coating the surface of the film with PVA also made the surface of the film smoother. In one embodiment, the PVA is adsorbed to the membrane surface by electrostatic interactions and / or van der Waals forces.
Embodiment 3
[0048] In a third example, the membrane surface can be coated with chitosan composed of randomly assigned β-(1-4) linked D-glucosamine (deacetylation unit) and N- Linear polysaccharide composed of acetyl-D-glucosamine (acetylated units). Similar to the first embodiment, coating the film surface positively charges the surface.
[0049] Surface Charge Modification Example 4
[0050] As a fourth example, the membrane surface can be coated with PEI or chitosan as described in example 1 or 3. Subsequently, the previously coated film surface can be coated with smoother and more charge neutral molecules. Some materials for this second coating step may include polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyethylene sulfate (PVS), or sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK).
[0051] Surface Charge Modification Example 5
[0052] As a fifth example, a polymer such as polyethylene oxide (PEO) and / or polyethylene glycol (PEG) can be used to graft polymerize the surface film by free radical polymeriz...
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